蒙元时期河西地区的文殊信仰初探——以出土文物为中心  

A Preliminary Study on the Manjusri Belief of the Hexi Region in the Yuan Dynasty——Based on Evidence of Unearthed Cultural Relics

作　　者：张海娟 胡小鹏[1] ZHANG Haijuan;HU Xiaopeng(School of History and Culture,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070;Textual Research Institute,Dunhuang Academy,L anzhou,Gansu 730030)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学历史文化学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]敦煌研究院文献研究所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《敦煌研究》2022年第3期123-130,共8页Dunhuang Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国古代北方游牧民族与中原农耕民族交融史研究”(17ZDA176)。

摘　　要：有元一代,在崇奉佛法的蒙元统治者的率先垂范下,河西地区的文殊信仰获得了进一步弘传。这于相关文殊典籍的翻译校勘,佛教石窟与壁画的重修绘制及碑刻题记的刻写制作等活动中皆有鲜明体现。究其宏盛之因,概为:文殊信仰的护国护身性质既满足了人们寻求宗教庇佑的精神诉求,又适应了统治者以佛教强化其世俗王权的政治需要;汉—藏佛教体制双力助推;唐末五代以降河西民族交融与文化互鉴的影响。In the Mongolian-ruled Yuan dynasty, the ruling class set a good example for believing in Buddhism, which in the Hexi Region strengthened belief in Manjusri, the Bodhisattva of wisdom. The growth of this belief is evident from various activities such as the translation and collation of scriptures on Manjusri, the renovation of Buddhist caves and murals, and engravings of tablet inscriptions. There are three reasons underlying the popularity of Manjusri belief in the region. First, the nature of Manju sri belief, a central tenet of which was that faithful practice would be able to protect both the country and the people from harm,not only met the spiritual demands of people who sought religious protection, but also met the political needs of the rulers who sought ideological tools with which to cement the legitimacy of their power. Secondly, it was promoted by the Han-Tibetan system of Buddhism already present in the Yuan dynasty. Finally, Manjusri belief was influenced by the ethnic blending and mutual cultural learning between the ethnic groups that had been coexisting in Hexi since the Later Tang and Five Dynasties periods.

关 键 词：元代 文殊崇拜 敦煌文献 敦煌石窟 宗教功用 汉-藏佛教体制 文化交融 

分 类 号：K878.6[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K928.76[历史地理—历史学]