基于图注意力网络算法的电网连锁故障关键线路辨识  

Critical Line Identification of Cascading Failures in Power Grid Based on Graph Attention Network Algorithm

作　　者：刘彤 李少岩[1] 顾雪平[1] 刘雨濛 王铁强 杨晓东 LIU Tong;LI Shaoyan;GU Xueping;LIU Yumeng;WANG Tieqiang;YANG Xiaodong(School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,North China Electric Power University,Baoding 071003,Hebei Province,China;State Grid Hebei Electric Power Company,Shijiazhuang 050021,Hebei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学电气与电子工程学院,河北省保定市071003 [2]国网河北省电力公司,河北省石家庄市050021

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2022年第15期5448-5458,共11页Proceedings of the CSEE

基　　金：国家电网公司科技项目(SGTYHT/17-JS-199)。

摘　　要：快速、准确识别电网中对连锁故障发展具有助推作用的关键线路,对避免大停电事故发生具有重要作用。该文提出一种基于图注意力网络(graph attention network,GAT)算法的电网连锁故障关键线路辨识方法。首先,分析连锁故障传播机理和关键线路特征,采用运行可靠性模型仿真模拟连锁故障,依据风险理论定义关键线路。其次,利用GAT算法建立关键线路辨识模型,考虑到计算稳定性、样本均衡性等问题对辨识结果的影响,设计了多头注意力机制、带权重交叉熵损失函数等,完善优化模型。最后,构造运行场景-关键线路样本集,对辨识模型进行训练、验证与测试。IEEE39节点系统和实际电网算例仿真表明,所提方法显著提高了新场景下连锁故障关键线路辨识的准确性和速度,具有一定的应用前景。Rapid and accurate identification of the critical lines that promote the development of cascading failures in a power grid is of great importance for avoiding blackout accidents.A critical line identification method for cascading failures based on the graph attention network(GAT)algorithm was proposed in this paper.Firstly,the propagation mechanism of cascading failures and the characteristics of critical lines were analyzed,the cascading failures were simulated with the operational reliability model,and the critical lines were defined according to the risk theory.Secondly,the GAT algorithm was used to establish the critical line identification model.Considering the influence of calculation stability and sample balance on the identification results,the multi-attention mechanism and weighted cross entropy loss function were designed to improve and optimize the model.Finally,the operation scenario-critical line sample set was constructed to train,verify and test the GAT identification model.The simulation results of IEEE39-bus system and a practical power system show that the proposed method significantly improves the accuracy and speed of identification of cascading failure critical lines in new scenarios,and has a certain application prospect.

关 键 词：连锁故障 关键线路辨识 运行可靠性 风险理论 图注意力网络 

分 类 号：TM73[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]