有效积温与不同供氮水平夏玉米干物质和氮素积累定量化研究  

Quantitative Study on Effective Accumulated Temperature and Dry Matter and Nitrogen Accumulation of Summer Maize Under Different Nitrogen Supply Levels

作　　者：陈杨 徐孟泽 王玉红 白由路[1] 卢艳丽[1] 王磊[1] CHEN Yang;XU MengZe;WANG YuHong;BAI YouLu;LU YanLi;WANG Lei(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业农村部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2022年第15期2973-2987,共15页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1700900)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究基于有效积温的不同供氮水平夏玉米干物质和氮素积累动态预测模型及其特征参数,以期为利用有效积温预测夏玉米干物质和氮素积累提供理论依据。【方法】在河北廊坊进行两年大田试验(2019—2020年),以郑单958为试验材料,利用归一化法,通过模型筛选拟合不同供氮水平夏玉米干物质和氮素积累基于播种后有效积温的归一化Gompertz模型,并利用增长速率曲线及其特征参数定量分析夏玉米干物质和氮素积累特征。【结果】(1)在本试验条件下,当磷钾肥适量时,随施氮量的增加夏玉米最大干物质和氮素积累量持续增加。(2)以有效积温为自变量建立的夏玉米干物质和氮素积累量的归一化Gompertz模型具有较好的生物学意义,方程的决定系数分别为0.9962—0.9988和0.9887—0.9922。利用第2年数据进行模型验证,模拟值和实测值的相关系数分别0.9933—0.9959和0.9830—0.9923,标准化的均方根误差分别为6.64%—16.86%和7.31%—12.68%,预测效果达到良好水平。(3)不同供氮水平夏玉米干物质和氮素积累的增长速率均表现为“单峰曲线”,其变化与供氮水平关系密切,在处理间表现为:适量施肥条件下,增长速率曲线呈现上升快下降也快的特点,减肥处理增长速率曲线呈现上升慢下降也慢的特点。(4)夏玉米播种后干物质和氮素积累快增期有效积温范围分别为709.35—1722.54℃·d和482.50—1507.61℃·d,氮素积累达最大速率所需有效积温为995.05℃·d,小于干物质积累达最大速率对积温的需求(1215.94℃·d)。供氮水平明显影响夏玉米干物质和氮素积累进入快增期、缓增期、达到最大增长速率所需积温,同时还影响最大增长速率和快增期平均增长速率;与不施氮肥处理相比,适量氮肥处理夏玉米进入各关键期所需有效积温明显减少,关键期增长速率明显增加。【结论】归一化Gompertz模型不仅能�【Objective】This paper explored the dynamic prediction model and characteristic parameters of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in summer maize with different nitrogen supply levels based on effective accumulated temperature,in order to provide a theoretical basis for using effective accumulated temperature to predict summer maize dry matter and nitrogen accumulation.【Method】This study was based on a two-year field experiment in Langfang,Hebei Province(2019-2020),using Zhengdan 958 as the test material,and using the normalization method to fit the dry matter and nitrogen accumulation of summer maize with different nitrogen supply levels through model screening.Based on the normalized Gompertz model of effective accumulated temperature after sowing,and using the growth rate curve and its characteristic parameters,the dry matter and nitrogen accumulation characteristics of summer maize were quantitatively analyzed.【Result】(1)Under the experimental conditions,when the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was appropriate,the maximum dry matter and nitrogen accumulation of summer maize continued to increase with the increase of nitrogen application rate.(2)The normalized Gompertz model of summer maize dry matter and nitrogen accumulation established with effective accumulated temperature as the independent variable had the good biological significance.The coefficients of determination of the equation were 0.9962-0.9988 and 0.9887-0.9922,respectively.Using the second-year data for model verification,the correlation coefficients of the simulated and measured values were 0.9933-0.9959 and 0.9830-0.9923,and the standardized root mean square errors were 6.64%-16.86%and 7.31%-12.68%,respectively.The prediction effect was good.(3)The growth rate of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation of summer maize at different nitrogen supply levels all showed a“single peak curve”,and its change was closely related to the nitrogen supply level.The performance between treatments was:under the condition of moderat

关 键 词：有效积温 供氮水平 夏玉米 干物质积累 氮素积累 定量化 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]