蒙古黄芪开花对定植时间的响应  

Response of Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao Flowering to Planting Time

作　　者：韩佳迪 李泽恒 马伽欣 吴明哲 乌达木 孙淑英 Han Jiadi;Li Zeheng;Ma Jiaxin;Wu Mingzhe;Wu Damu;Sun Shuying(The Good Agriculture Practice Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese and Mongolian Medicine in Inner Mongolia,School of Life Science,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot,010020)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学生命科学学院,内蒙古自治区中蒙药材规范化生产工程技术研究中心,呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2022年第13期4477-4484,共8页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：内蒙古大学大学生创新训练计划项目(201814331);内蒙古大学高层次人才启动资金项目(21400-5175126)共同资助。

摘　　要：掌握蒙古黄芪的生殖生长特征是进行杂交育种、良种繁育的基础。前期的实验显示,影响蒙古黄芪花期的因素有定植时间、温度、水分等,其中定植时间对开花的影响尤其显著。为确定不同定植时间下的蒙古黄芪开花特征,采用春季分期定植二年生蒙古黄芪的方法进行研究。结果表明随着蒙古黄芪定植期的延迟,其开花物候期随之延后,且花期持续时间逐渐缩短;定植时间越晚,相应的繁殖指标如开花株率、每株花序数、结荚率、结实率等均随之下降。不同定植期开花前后的花粉活力和柱头可授性均呈先上升后下降的趋势,花粉活力在开花前一天和开花当天较强,柱头可授性在开花当天最强;开花当天花粉活力和柱头可授性的变化趋势基本一致,且呈单峰曲线。总之,随着蒙古黄芪春季定植时间延后,花期所遇温度逐渐升高,开花质量有所降低。本研究结果为调控蒙古黄芪花期提供了有效方法,为其杂交育种提供了理论基础。Mastering the flowering characteristics of Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao is the basis for cross-breeding and breeding good varieties.Preliminary experiments have shown that the factors affecting the flowering of A.mongolica include planting time,temperature,and moisture,among which the planting time has a particularly significant impact.In order to determine the flowering characteristics of A.mongolica under different planting times,the research was carried out by staged planting.Studies have shown that with the delay of the planting period of A.mongholicus,the flowering phenology period is delayed,and the duration of the flowering period is gradually shortened;the later the planting time,the corresponding reproductive indicators such as flowering plant rate,inflorescence number per plant,pod setting rate,the seed setting rate also declined accordingly.Pollen vigor and stigma receptivity before and after flowering at different planting time both showed an upward trend and then decreased,pollen vigor was stronger on the day before flowering and on the flowering day,stigma receptivity was the strongest on the flowering day;the change trend of pollen vigor and stigma receptivity on the flowering day was basically the same,and showed a single peak curve.In general,with the delay of the planting time,the temperature encountered during the flowering period gradually increased,and the flowering quality of A.mongholicus decreased.The results of this study provide an effective method for the regulation of the flowering period of A.mongholicus,and provide a theoretical foundation for the subsequent hybrid breeding.

关 键 词：蒙古黄芪 开花物候期 定植时间 繁殖指标 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]