早期真菌与本土和外来松的菌根合成  

Mycorrhizal synthesis of early stage fungi with native and exotic pines

作　　者：黄兰兰 王冉[1] 时晓菲[1] 于富强[1] HUANG Lanlan;WANG Ran;SHI Xiaofei;YU Fuqiang(The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species,Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650201,Yunnan,China;College of Resources and Environment,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650204,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院昆明植物研究所中国西南野生生物种质资源库云南省真菌多样性与绿色发展重点实验室,云南昆明650201 [2]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650204

出　　处：《菌物学报》2022年第8期1293-1302,共10页Mycosystema

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项计划(202102AE090034);中国科学院昆明植物研究所引进优秀人才项目(Y9627111K1)。

摘　　要：为探讨早期真菌与本土和外来松树的共生特性,选用3种早期外生菌根真菌(环褐乳牛肝菌Suillus luteus、虎皮乳牛肝菌S.phylopictus和酒红蜡蘑Laccaria vinaceoavellanea)接种2种本地松(云南松Pinus yunnanensis、华山松P.armandii)和2种外来松(P.greggii、P.maximartinensis),并对接种后的侵染率、菌根特征和松苗株高等进行测量和分析,结果显示:6个月后,2种乳牛肝菌与4种松均能形成菌根,华山松与2种乳牛肝菌的亲和性最好,酒红蜡蘑仅能与2种外来松P.greggii和P.maximartinensis形成菌根,且菌根合成成功率仅为14.3%。此次合成的10种菌根组合均为首次报道,其中同一种真菌与不同松形成的菌根在形态和解剖特征上较为接近。3种真菌对宿主生长的促进作用因树种而异,整体上外来松苗的生长速率要快于本土松苗;华山松苗虽然菌根感染率最高,但生长效应却均不明显。研究认为:孢子接种对乳牛肝菌、蜡蘑等早期真菌的菌根合成研究是一种经济有效的手段;外生菌根真菌可能对外来树种具有更为重要的作用,与本土树种相比,外来树种与外生菌根真菌在能否形成菌根、菌根形成时间以及对宿主的生长效应等方面存在差异,需要开展进一步深入的相关研究。The symbiotic characteristics of early stage fungi associated with native and exotic pines were explored.Axenically germinated seedlings of native(Pinus yunnanensis and P.armandii)and exotic(P.greggii and P.maximartinensis)pines were inoculated with spore suspension of Suillus luteus,S.phylopictus and Laccaria vinaceoavellanea in the culture room.Six months later,S.luteus and S.phylopictus ectomycorrhizae were successfully produced on all four tested tree species,and P.armandii showed good receptivity to both Suillus species.However,L.vinaceoavellanea ectomycorrhizae were only found in P.greggii and P.maximartinensis,with a low colonization rate of 14.3%.This is the first report about these ten mycorrhizal combinations,and the mycorrhizae synthesized by the same fungi morphologically and anatomically showed similar characters in all tested tree species.Plant growth affected by these three fungi varied with tree species,and the plant growth of exotic pines was much faster than that of native pines.Although the colonization rate of the Suillus species on P.armandii was the highest,their effects on host growth were not significant.This study suggests that spore inoculation is an economical and effective method to study the mycorrhizal synthesis of early stage fungi such as Suillus and Laccaria species.There were differences between native and exotic pines in mycorrhizal formation with early stage fungi,as well as the effects of formed mycorrhizae on host plant growth.

关 键 词：乳牛肝菌 蜡蘑 松属 孢子接种 菌根合成 

分 类 号：Q949.32[生物学—植物学]