不同神经活动类型大学生注意网络的差异及神经机制  

The Differences and Neural Mechanisms of the Attention Network of College Students with Different Neural Types

作　　者：史新广[1] 冯文锋 冯成志[2] Shi Xinguang;Feng Wenfeng;Feng Chengzhi(Applied Technology College,Soochow University,Suzhou,215325;School of Education,Soochow University,Suzhou,215123)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学应用技术学院,苏州215325 [2]苏州大学教育学院,苏州215123

出　　处：《心理科学》2022年第2期258-267,共10页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32171048);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(17YJA880019)的资助。

摘　　要：为探讨不同神经活动类型大学生注意网络加工的差异及神经机制,用80.8神经类型量表筛选灵活型、安静型、兴奋型和抑制型四种典型的神经活动类型大学生完成ERP版的注意网络测试任务。发现在执行控制加工中,灵活型的N2难度效应量大于其他三种类型,表明灵活型比其他类型的冲突检测更快、更敏感,证明了灵活型与其他类型在执行控制加工效能上的差异主要来源于冲突检测阶段;在P3波幅上,兴奋型大于抑制型,可能反映了抑制型在冲突解决中比兴奋型投入更多的认知资源。Pavlov proposed the theory of higher nervous activity,and divided the neural activities of humans and animals into four types.Different types of individuals have different behavioral performance and cognitive processing characteristics.At present,while most research on neural types and attention is behavioral experiments,the neural mechanisms of the differences in attention processing of different neural types are not clear.Therefore,this study focuses on the neural mechanism of attention processing of different neural types by using the event-related potentials(ERPs) technique.Before the normal experiments,1263 college students were tested using 80.8 Neural Type Test Scale,with each 15 students for the flexible,quiet,excitatory and inhibitory type randomly selected from the subjects(a student of the flexible type did not complete all the experimental tasks).The 59 subjects were engaged in and finished 3 tasks:the alerting,the orienting,and the executive control tasks,in which the behavioral data and ERP data were recorded and analyzed.Behavioral results showed that:(1) In the alerting task,the main effect of cues was significant(p <.001),the reaction time under neutral cue condition was significantly faster than no cue condition,and there was no significant difference in the alerting effect between the four groups(RTno cue – RTdouble cue);(2) In the orienting task,the reaction time under valid cue conditions was faster than invalid cue(p <.001),and there was no significant difference in orienting effect between the four groups(RTinvalid cue – RTvalid cue);(3) In the executive control task,the response was significantly faster under the condition of consistent cues than that of inconsistent cues(p <.001),and there was no significant difference in the executive control effect(RTdifficulty cue – RT simple cue) between the four groups.The ERP results showed that:(1) The N1 amplitudes of the quiet type subjects in alerting processing were significantly higher than the excitatory type and the inhibitory type sub

关 键 词：神经活动类型 注意网络 警觉 定向 执行控制 

分 类 号：G442[哲学宗教—心理学]