敦煌莫高窟PM10浓度年变化及影响因素  

Annual Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of PM10 Concentration in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes

作　　者：徐瑞红[1,2,3] 杨小菊 武发思 张国彬[1,3] 汪万福 XU Ruihong;YANG Xiaoju;WU Fasi;ZHANG Guobin;WANG Wanfu(National Research Center for Conservation of Ancient Wall Paintings and Earthen Sites,Dunhuang Academy,Dunhuang 736200,China;Centre for Cultural Heritage Conservation Technology Services,Dunhuang Academy,Dunhuang 736200.China;Gansu Provincial Research Center for Conservation of Dunhuang Cultural Heritage,Dunhuang 736200,China;Northwest Institute ofEcoenvironment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]敦煌研究院国家古代壁画与土遗址保护工程技术研究中心,甘肃教煌736200 [2]敦煌研究院文物保护技术服务中心,甘肃敦煌736200 [3]甘肃省敦煌文物保护研究中心,甘肃敦煌736200 [4]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2022年第5期162-171,共10页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32060258);甘肃省科技计划项目(20JR5RA051,20YF8WF016);敦煌研究院院级课题(2020-KJ-YB-7)。

摘　　要：为明确敦煌莫高窟窟区环境和旅游旺季应急开放洞窟内微环境可吸入颗粒物分布特征及影响因素,文章采用Metone ES-642移动式粉尘颗粒物监测仪对窟区和第100窟内PM浓度进行实时监测。结果表明,窟区与第100窟内实时PM的浓度范围分别为0~994.0μg/m^(3)、0~997.6μg/m^(3),年平均值分别为24.0μg/m^(3)和24.6μg/m^(3),最高值均出现在夏季(8月)的一次沙尘暴期间,PM浓度日均值范围分别为1.64~547.19μg/m^(3)、4.49~537.86μg/m^(3);窟区和第100窟内PM浓度的年超标率分别为8.77%和9.32%,超标率较高的月份都集中在沙尘暴频发的春、夏两季;ρ/ρ值的年变化表现为监测期2016年6-10月以及次年的5月(即旅游旺季)比值大于1,游客参观活动对窟内颗粒物浓度影响较大;比较预约参观日和应急开放日PM浓度发现,游客数量的突增及扰动是导致窟区和窟内可吸入颗粒物增加的主要原因。The aim of this study was to clarify the distribution characteristics of inhalable particulate matter (PM) at the outside and inside of cave environment,which was adjusted as contingency open caves during tourist season in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes.Metone ES-642 instrument was used to monitor the concentration of PMinside and outside the Cave 100throughout the year in real-time.The results showed that the concentration of PMat cave outside and Cave 100 inside were varied from 0~994.0μg/m^(3)and 0~997.6μg/m^(3),with an average of 24.0μg/m^(3)and 24.6μg/m^(3),respectively,and the maximum value occurs during a sandstorm in August.The daily mean concentrations of PMranged from 1.64 to 547.19μg/m^(3),from 4.49 to 537.86μg/m^(3),respectively.The annual over-standard rate of PMconcentration in the outside and inside the Cave100 was 8.77%and 9.32%,slightly higher at the inside than outside.Seasons with higher over-standard rate were mainly in spring and summer.The annual variation ofρ/ρshowed much higher values in the months from June to October,and the May of the next year,mainly in the tourism season of monitoring period the values was greater than 1 in these months.The variation of particulate matter concentration was greatly influenced by the tourists visiting the caves attached environment.By the comparison of the PMconcentration of the reserved visiting day and the emergency opening day,the surge in tourists’numbers and their disturbance were the main reasons for the increased concentrations of PM outside and inside of the study cave.

关 键 词：敦煌莫高窟 可吸入颗粒物 质量浓度 影响因素 文物保护 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]