北齐徐显秀墓空气颗粒物与微生物监测分析  

Monitoring and Analysis of Airborne Particulate Matter and Microbes in the Xu Xianxiu’s Tomb of Northern Qi Dynasty, Taiyuan

作　　者：贺东鹏 武发思[2,3] 田恬[3] 王江 李师翁 HE Dongpeng;WU Fasi;TIAN Tian;WANG Jiang;LI Shiweng(School of Environment and Municipal Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China;National Research Centerfor Conservation ofAncient Wall Paintings and Earthen Sites,Dunhuang 736200,China;Key Laboratory of Cell Activity and Adaptation to Adversity of Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;Mural Museum of the Northen Qi Dynasty in Taiyuan,Taiyuan 030000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学环境与市政工程学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]敦煌研究院国家古代壁画与土遗址保护工程技术研究中心,甘肃教煌736200 [3]兰州大学细胞活动与逆境适应教育部重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [4]太原北齐壁画博物馆,山西太原03000

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2022年第5期172-179,共8页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32060258,32001125);敦煌研究院院级课题(2020-KJ-YB-1)。

摘　　要：环境中空气颗粒物和空气微生物是影响文物保存的重要因素。该研究使用新型便携式无损监测设备对太原北齐徐显秀墓空气颗粒物浓度、空气微生物浓度及壁画表面微生物活性等进行了监测。结果表明,2017年和2019年墓室内、外PM比值(I/O)均值分别为0.71和0.34,PMI/O均值分别为0.41和0.44,墓室空气颗粒物浓度低于外环境。墓室生物气溶胶荧光强度与墓室PM和PM均呈极显著相关。墓室壁画表面活性微生物浓度显著高于墓道,且不同颜料表面活性微生物浓度差异显著。人为扰动导致墓室内颗粒物浓度及微生物浓度高于外环境,保护棚对外环境颗粒物和微生物有一定的隔离和缓冲作用,墓室内壁画赋存环境总体良好。生物气溶胶浓度监测、活性微生物三磷酸腺苷荧光检测结果准确可靠,可为文物保存环境和文物微生物快速监测分析提供借鉴。Air particulate matter and airbone microorganism are primary factors affecting the preservation of cultural relics.In this study,a variety of new portable nondestructive monitoring devices were used to monitor the concentration of particulate matter in the air,the concentration of airbone microorganism and the microbial activity on the surface of the mural surface in Xu Xianxiu’s tomb,founded in the Northern Qi Dynasty in Taiyuan.The results showed that the mean PMratio (I/O) inside and outside the tomb were 0.71 and 0.34 in 2017 and 2019,and the mean I/O ratio of PMwere 0.41 and 0.44,respectively.The concentration of particulate matter in the air of the tomb was lower than that of the outside environment.The fluorescence intensity of bioaerosol in tombs was significantly correlated with PMand PM.The surface active microorganism concentration of tomb mural was significantly higher than that of tomb ramp,and the surface active microorganism concentration of different pigments was significantly different.The concentration of particulate matter and microorganism in the tomb is higher than that in the external environment due to human disturbance.The protective shed can isolate and buffer the particulate matter and microorganism in the external environment to a certain extent.The results of bioaerosol concentration monitoring and active microbial ATP fluorescence detection are accurate and reliable,which can provide reference for rapid monitoring and analysis of relics microorganism and cultural heritage preservation.

关 键 词：墓葬遗址 空气微生物 空气颗粒物 快速监测 文物保护 

分 类 号：X831[环境科学与工程—环境工程]