关中地区聚水阻渗调控技术下猕猴桃树根系及土壤水分布  

Root System and Soil Water Distribution of Kiwifruit Tree Under Water Accumulation and Impermeability Control Technology in Guanzhong Area

作　　者：邹衡 谢永生[1,2] 骆汉[1,2] 陈东凯 盛玉章 李镇 ZOU Heng;XIE Yongsheng;LUO Han;CHEN Dongkai;SHENG Yuzhang;LI Zhen(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest Agriculture&Forestry University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Ministry of Water Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《北方园艺》2022年第13期96-104,共9页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：西安市科技计划资助项目(20NYSF0024)。

摘　　要：以关中地区九年生猕猴桃园为试验用园,研究其0~200 cm剖面土壤含水量以及0~100 cm土层的根系干质量密度,了解聚水阻渗措施对猕猴桃根系生长发育及土壤水分空间分布特征的影响,以期为关中地区粘重土壤猕猴桃园的生态调控技术提供参考依据。结果表明:不同聚水阻渗处理能够引起0~200 cm土壤含水量显著变化。处理Ⅲ(聚水阻渗槽回填园土+粉煤灰+化肥+有机肥)和Ⅳ(聚水阻渗槽回填园土+粉煤灰+化肥+酒糟醋糟)在旱季消除了试验果园40~100 cm的土壤干层;雨季后处理Ⅰ(聚水阻渗槽回填园土)、Ⅱ(聚水阻渗槽回填园土+化肥)、Ⅲ和Ⅳ均显著增加0~100 cm土壤含水量,该区域处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ的含水量较CK(空白处理)增加40.04%、50.22%、45.02%和58.30%。受聚水阻渗措施影响,行间距离树干30 cm处0~100 cm根系干质量密度处理Ⅲ最大(13 208.5 g·m^(-3)),Ⅰ(4 618.8 g·m^(-3))、Ⅱ(3 289.14 g·m^(-3))和Ⅳ(1 640.52 g·m^(-3))次之,CK最小(1 326.04 g·m^(-3))。聚水阻渗措施能够显著改变土壤水分在不同土层深度的分布,缩小甚至消除土壤干层,促进果树根系在湿润土层的生物量积累。综上所述,处理Ⅲ效果好于Ⅱ、Ⅰ和Ⅳ。Taking nine-year-old kiwifruit garden in Guanzhong Area as research object, the soil water content of 0-200 cm profile and the dry weight density of roots in 0-100 cm soil layer was researched, the effects of water accumulation and impermeability measures on the growth and development of kiwifruit roots and the spatial distribution characteristics of soil water were understood, in order to provide reference for the ecological regulation technology of kiwifruit orchard in viscous soil in Guanzhong Area.The results showed that different water accumulation and impermeability measures could cause significant changes in soil water content from 0-200 cm.Treatment Ⅲ(backfilling garden soil with water accumulation and seepage prevention tank + fly ash + chemical fertilizer + organic fertilizer) and Ⅳ(backfilling garden soil with water accumulation and seepage prevention tank + fly ash + chemical fertilizer + distiller′s grains and vinegar grains) eliminated the soil dry layer between 40-100 cm in the experimental orchard in the dry season.After the rainy season, treatment Ⅰ(garden soil backfilled by water accumulation and anti infiltration tank),Ⅱ(garden soil backfilled by water accumulation and anti infiltration tank + chemical fertilizer),Ⅲ and Ⅳ significantly increased the soil water content of 0-100 cm.The water content of treatment Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ in this area increased by 40.04%,50.22%,45.02% and 58.30% compared with CK(blank treatment).Affected by the water accumulation and impermeability measures, the root dry mass density under treatment Ⅲ at 0-100 cm away from the trunk between rows was the largest(13 208.5 g·m^(-3)),followed by Ⅰ(4 618.8 g·m^(-3)),Ⅱ(3 289.14 g·m^(-3)) and Ⅳ(1 640.52 g·m^(-3)),and CK was the smallest(1 326.04 g·m^(-3)).The water accumulation and impermeability measures could significantly change the distribution of soil water in different soil layers, reduce or even eliminate the soil dry layer, and promote the biomass accumulation of fruit tree roots in wet soil

关 键 词：土壤含水量 聚水阻渗措施 根系 猕猴桃园 关中地区 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学]