中立身份下的战略选择——土库曼斯坦的中立外交与能源战略  

Strategic Choice for a Neutral Country: Turkmenistan Neutral Diplomacy and Energy Strategy

作　　者：孙超[1,2] 吴靖[1] Sun Chao;Wu Jing

机构地区：[1]中共江苏省委党校国际问题研究中心 [2]华东师范大学俄罗斯研究中心

出　　处：《俄罗斯研究》2022年第3期109-139,共31页Russian Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“冷战后欧亚地区民族分离运动比较研究”(项目批准号:19CGJ014)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：土库曼斯坦是联合国承认的永久中立国,作为国家对外战略的“永久中立”,既涉及国家安全,也关乎国家发展。土库曼斯坦能源出口战略基于两个现实需要,一是获得能源经济的独立自主,二是推动国内经济的稳步增长、维护体制安全。土库曼斯坦积极调整中立身份的内涵,推动能源出口战略变革。同时,依据中立身份要求,土库曼斯坦将能源合作伙伴分为可信赖国家、中间国家和不友好国家三种类型,发展出不同程度的合作关系。与此相关,土库曼斯坦的中立外交和能源战略在不同时期(天然气出口单一时期、合作伙伴构建时期和能源出口多元化时期)形成了各自的阶段性特点。当前,土库曼斯坦谋求以更积极的姿态处理地区能源争端,在全球能源治理体系和油气地缘政治博弈中发挥重要作用,不断提升地区和国际影响力。Turkmenistan is a permanent neutral country recognized by the United Nations. The “permanent neutrality” as a country’s foreign strategy, it involves both national security and national development. Turkmenistan energy export strategy is based on two practical requirements, of which one is to obtain independence and autonomy of the energy economy, and the other is to promote the steady growth of domestic economy and maintain institutional security.Turkmenistan actively adjusts the connotation of its neutrality and advances changes in its energy export strategy. Meanwhile, according to the requirements of neutrality, Turkmenistan defines its energy partners as three types: trustworthy countries, intermediate countries and unfriendly countries. Then it develops cooperative relations of different degrees. Accordingly, Turkmenistan neutral diplomacy and energy strategy have formed their own characteristics at different stages, namely, the period of natural gas export, the period of partnership building and the period of energy export diversification. At present,Turkmenistan seeks to deal with regional energy disputes in a more active manner, playing an important role in the global energy governance system, oil and gas geopolitical games, and continuously enhancing its regional and international influences.

关 键 词：中立身份 中立国 土库曼斯坦中立外交 土库曼斯坦能源战略 

分 类 号：D836.3[政治法律—政治学]