中国国家公园理念的源流与创新  

Origin and Innovation of China’s Development Concept of National Park

作　　者：张德成[1] 夏恩龙 刘畅[1] 杨文娟 马一博[1] 范圣明[1] Decheng Zhang;Enlong Xia;Chang Liu;Wenjuan Yang;Yibo Ma;Shengming Fan(Research Institute of Forestry Policy and Information,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing100091,China;International Center for Bamboo and Rattan,Beijing 100102,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业科技信息研究所,北京100091 [2]国际竹藤中心,北京100102

出　　处：《世界林业研究》2022年第3期1-7,共7页World Forestry Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“中国传统森林经营理念与方法研究”(20BGL172);国家林业和草原局研究项目“生态文化理论研究”(2020039)。

摘　　要：传播先进的国家公园理念对促进国家公园建设工作、塑造国家公园的公众形象、发挥国家公园教育功能具有重要作用。为更好地认识并实践“坚持生态保护第一,坚持国家代表性,坚持全民公益性”的中国国家公园理念,文中梳理中国国家公园理念的渊源及发展过程,并与国外国家公园理念进行对比,分析中国国家公园理念的创新性。研究认为,中国国家公园理念发展分为构思讨论、试点探索、形成发展3个阶段,国外国家公园理念大致可分为多功能综合型、自然生态保护型、游憩利用型3种类型。与国外国家公园理念相比较,中国国家公园理念的创新性主要表现为:1)遵从新时代发展观;2)符合中国现实情况;3)秉承中国传统“天地人”三才思想;4)主导协同的新型理念。中国国家公园理念符合世界上国家公园体制的一般性原则,但已充分结合了中国实际,具有鲜明的特征,其发展过程及创新特征集中表现为“中国化”,是适用于中国国家公园发展的新理念。最后,对中国国家公园理念的传播提出了建议。The dissemination of advanced development concept of national park plays an important role in promoting national parks construction,shaping the public image of national parks and giving full play to their educational function.In order to better understand and carry out the China’s concept of national park,i.e.,“adherence to protect ecology firstly,adherence to national representation,and adherence to comprehensive public welfare”,this paper reviews the origin and development process of the concept,compares it with the prevailing concepts of national park in foreign countries,and analyzes the innovation of China’s concept of national park.The study shows that China’s national park concept can be divided into three stages in its development process,i.e.,conception&discussion,pilot exploration,and formation&development.The concept of national parks in foreign countries can be roughly divided into three types,i.e.,comprehensivemulti-functional type,natural ecological protection type and recreational utilization type.Compared with foreign national park concepts,the innovation of China’s national park concept is mainly manifested in:1)conformance to the development concept of the new era;2)consistency with China’s actual situation;3)adherence to the Chinese traditional three talents thought of“heaven,earth and man”;and4)building a new concept of coordination.The concept of China’s national parks is in line with the general principles of the world’s national park system,and also fully reflects China’s reality with distinctive characteristics.“Sinicization”has been well expressed in its development process and innovative characteristics.Therefore,it is a new concept suitable for the development of China’s national parks.At the end,suggestions are put forward for the dissemination of the concept of China’s national parks.

关 键 词：国家公园 理念 林草文化 中国 

分 类 号：S759.91[农业科学—森林经理学]