不同生长阶段麻黄肉鸡生长、器官发育和肉品质变化规律研究  

Study on the pattern of growth,organ development and meat quality of Mahuang broilers

作　　者：曾子悠 黄李蓉 古长松 李彬 虞洁 ZENG Ziyou;HUANG Lirong;GU Changsong;LI Bin;YU Jie(Sichuan Tequ Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Group Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610207,China;Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川特驱农牧科技集团有限公司,四川成都610207 [2]四川农业大学动物营养研究所,四川成都611130

出　　处：《畜牧与兽医》2022年第8期32-39,共8页Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：成都市产业生态圈人才计划(【2021】18号)。

摘　　要：旨在研究不同性别麻黄肉鸡生长性能、肌肉和器官随日龄增加而变化的规律。试验选取288只1日龄的麻黄肉鸡,按性别分为2组,每组8个重复,每个重复18只鸡。试验期共分为4个生长阶段:1~21日龄、22~42日龄、43~63日龄、64~84日龄,试验期共计84 d。结果表明:①试验全期,公鸡末重(P<0.05)、平均日采食量(ADFI)(P<0.01)、平均日增重(ADG)(P<0.01)显著高于母鸡;22~42日龄,公鸡末重、ADFI、ADG显著高于母鸡(P<0.01);试验43~63日龄,公鸡末重(P<0.05)、ADFI(P<0.05)、ADG(P<0.01)、料重比(F/G)(P<0.05)均显著高于母鸡;试验64~84日龄,公鸡末重(P<0.05)、ADFI(P<0.01)、ADG(P<0.05)显著高于母鸡。②麻黄肉鸡的肝脏相对重量随日龄增加而线性降低(P<0.01),脾脏和胸腺相对重量呈现二次曲线形式提高(P<0.01),法氏囊相对重量呈现二次曲线形式降低(P<0.01)。③公鸡的胰腺相对重量低于母鸡(P<0.05),肠道长度公鸡高于母鸡(P<0.01),麻黄肉鸡的肌胃、胰腺、肠道相对重量随日龄增加而线性降低(P<0.01),肠道长度呈现线性提高(P<0.01)。④公鸡胫骨长度(P<0.01)和胫骨相对重量(P<0.01)高于母鸡,肉鸡的胸肌、腿肌、胫骨相对重量、胫骨长度随日龄增加而线性提高(P<0.01)。⑤公鸡63日龄、84日龄的半净膛率、全净膛率高于母鸡(P<0.01)。⑥麻黄肉鸡84日龄的胸肌剪切力高于63日龄(P<0.05)。综上所述,麻黄肉公鸡、母鸡各阶段生长性能表现出明显的性别差异和阶段性,其免疫器官、消化器官、肌肉和胫骨随性别和日龄的变化而呈不同的线性变化。此外,麻黄肉鸡的胸肌、腿肌的剪切力随日龄增加而提高,不同性别麻黄肉鸡产肉性能有差异,但对肉品质并无影响。由此可见,在生产实际中不同性别麻黄肉鸡建议分开饲养,有利于精准饲喂;同时可根据各地消费者对肉鸡肉品质的不同需求,调整饲喂时间,提高经济效益。This was to investigate the growth performance,muscles and organs of Mahuang broilers of different sexes with increasing age.A total of 2881-day-old Mahuang broilers(male and female,half and half)were obtained and divided into two treatments according to their sexes,with 8 replicates pens in each treatment and 18 broilers per pen.The trial lasted for 84 d,including four growth stages:1 to 21 days of age,22 to 42 days of age,43 to 63 days of age,and 64 to 84 days of age,respectively.The results obtained were as follows:①During the whole trial,the final body weight(P<0.05),ADFI(average daily feed intake)(P<0.01),and ADG(average daily gain)(P<0.01)of the males were significantly higher than those of the females.From 22 to 42 days of age,the final body weight,ADFI,and ADG of the males were higher than those of the females(P<0.01).From 43 to 63 days of age,the final body weight(P<0.05),ADFI(P<0.05),ADG(P<0.01),and F/G(P<0.05)of the males were higher than those of the females.From 64 to 84 days of age,the final body weight(P<0.05),ADFI(P<0.01)and ADG(P<0.05)of the males were significantly higher than those of the females.②The relative weight of the liver of the all the broilers decreased linearly with increasing age(P<0.01).The relative weight of their spleen and thymus increased in a quadratic form(P<0.01),but the relative weight of their bursa decreased in a quadratic form(P<0.01).③The relative weight of the pan⁃creas of the males were lower than those of the females(P<0.05),but the intestinal length of the males were higher than that of the females(P<0.01).The relative weight of the stomach,pancreas and intestine of all the broilers were decreased linearly with increasing age(P<0.01).There was a linear increase in their intestinal length(P<0.01).④The tibia length(P<0.01)and relative weight(P<0.01)were higher in the males than in the females.The relative weight of the breast muscle,leg muscle,and tibia length of all the Mahuang broilers in⁃creased linearly with increasing age(P<0.01).⑤The half-eviscerat

关 键 词：麻黄肉鸡 性别 肉品质 内脏 消化器官 生长规律 

分 类 号：S831.1[农业科学—畜牧学]