杏属植物化学成分、药理毒理研究进展与育种策略  

Research Progress in Chemical Constituents,Pharmacology and Toxicology in Armeniaca Mill and Its Breeding Strategy

作　　者：胡倩[1] 陈莹莹 谭晓梅 单心悦 杨绍彬[3] 王建英[1] Hu Qian;Chen Yingying;Tan Xiaomei;Shan Xinyue;Yang Shaobin;Wang Jianying(Zhengzhou Railway Vocational and Technical College,Zhengzhou 451460,China;Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica,Chongqing 400065,China;Research Institute of Non-timber Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Kernel-Apricot Engineering and Technology Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州铁路职业技术学院,郑州451460 [2]重庆市中药研究院,重庆400065 [3]中国林业科学研究院经济林研究所,国家林业草原仁用杏工程技术研究中心,郑州450003

出　　处：《世界林业研究》2022年第4期20-26,共7页World Forestry Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“特色经济林高效育种技术与品种创制”(2019YFD1001200)。

摘　　要：杏是世界上最为重要的鲜果和我国5大干果树种之一。长期以来,普遍认为食用杏果会对人体产生伤害,导致人们的消费热情不高,林农栽培的积极性也在降低,限制了产业的健康和可持续发展。随着科研工作者对杏的研究愈发深入和具体,尤其是发现了苦杏仁苷在新冠病毒(COVID-19)等引起的肺部纤维化中起到呼吸道重建作用,人们对杏的关注度高涨。文中综述近年来杏属植物果肉中矿质营养、多酚、类胡萝卜素及杏仁中苦杏仁苷、杏仁油、杏仁蛋白、维生素等主要化学成分的种类、含量、功效和药理毒理的最新研究进展,重点阐述苦杏仁苷的医学价值;提出新时期杏的育种目标及策略;讨论产业发展存在的问题,并展望今后的研究重点。通过全面系统地认识杏属植物,革新人们对杏的偏见,可以为科研工作者确立新的育种目标提供科学参考,共同形成合力促进杏产业的提质增效。Apricot is one of the important fruit species in the world,and also one of five nut species in China.It has generally been held for a long time that apricot as food is unhealthful for human body,which results in low willingness to eating among consumers.This in turn makes farmers reluctant to cultivate apricot,and correspondingly restricts the healthy and sustainable apricot industry development.However,apricot has attracted increased attention as the research on apricot goes deeper,especially with the finding that amygdalin has the function to rebuild breath for human fibrotic lung caused by virus like COVID-19.This paper reviews the latest research progress in minerals,polyphenol and carotenoids in apricot pulp,and the types,contents,effects,and pharmacology and toxicology of such chemical constituents as amygdalin,oil,protein,vitamin in apricot kernel,with the focus put on the medical-value of amygdalin.The breeding objectives and strategy for the future are proposed,the problems arising in the apricot industry development are discussed,and the future research focuses are prospected.The comprehensive and systematical understanding of Armeniaca Mill.will reduce the prejudice over apricot.This study is expected to provide science reference for researchers to identify the new breeding objectives and mobilize to enhance the quality and efficiency of the apricot industry.

关 键 词：杏属 杏仁 苦杏仁苷 药理毒理 育种策略 

分 类 号：S718.43[农业科学—林学] S722