港澳法院实施宪法的空间:现状、时机与方式  

Conditions of the Application of the Constitution by Hong Kong and Macao Courts:The Status Quo,Timing and Pattern

作　　者：孙成 Sun Cheng

机构地区：[1]深圳大学港澳基本法研究中心

出　　处：《中国社会科学院大学学报》2022年第7期85-107,143,共24页Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“完善宪法在香港实施的制度与机制研究”(19CFX017);教育部人文社会科学研究特别委托课题“中央对香港全面管治权的法治实践”(JBF201921)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：一部宪法在三个法域中实施是具有中国特色的宪制问题,因此对宪法司法性实施图景的描绘不应缺乏对港澳相关实践的探索。通过对有关判决的类型化分析可以发现港澳法院也存在实施宪法的需要,但目前港澳法院在宪法条文的选择、宪法实施方式、与国家权力机关互动等方面仍存在问题。面对港澳复合式宪制结构带来的困境,需要厘清港澳法院实施宪法的事实条件与规范条件,只有案件涉及中央事权或央地关系要素,才存在港澳法院实施宪法的必要。此外,合宪性解释是港澳法院实施宪法的最优方式,具体路径可按识别解释对象类型、建立解释对象与解释依据之间的关系和选择解释规则三步展开。The application of the Constitution in three jurisdictions is a constitutional problem with Chinese characteristics.Therefore,the depiction of judicial application of the constitution should not lack the exploration of relevant practices in Hong Kong and Macao.Through the analysis of relevant judgments,it can be found that the courts in Hong Kong and Macao also have the need for the application of the Constitution.However,there are still problems in the selection of constitutional provisions,the way of constitutional application and the interaction with the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress(NPCSC).Faced with the dilemma brought by the complex constitutional framework in Hong Kong and Macao,it is necessary to clarify the factual and normative conditions for their courts to apply the Constitution.It is necessary for them to apply it only when the cases involve the central authority or the central-local relationship.In addition,the constitutionality interpretation is the best way to do so,and the specific path can be carried out in three steps:identifying the types of interpretation objects,establishing the relationship between the interpretation objects and the interpretation basis and choosing the interpretation rules.

关 键 词：宪法实施 宪法与基本法 合宪性解释 港澳法院 复合式宪制结构 

分 类 号：D676.58[政治法律—政治学]