“超越北南”:从中枢体制看辽代官制的特性  

Surpassing the Northern and Southern Establishments:Characteristics of the Establishment of Bureaucracy in the Liao Dynasty from the Perspective of the Central Political System

作　　者：邱靖嘉[1] Qiu Jingjia

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史学院,北京100872

出　　处：《历史研究》2022年第3期94-115,M0005,M0006,共24页Historical Research

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“北族王朝历史书写视野下的金朝开国史研究”(21BZS057)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：辽朝宰辅的职衔构成复杂、排序严谨,他们大多身兼北、南枢密院与中书(政事)省长官,决策与行政合一。这种中枢体制可称之为“中书枢密院体制”,是对晚唐五代以来中枢官制发展的继承与创新。辽代中后期的中枢辅政机制是皇帝与以北、南院枢密使兼中书(政事)令为首的宰辅群体共同“参决大政”,表现出“超越北南”的特征。辽朝在效仿中原官僚制度基础上,融入了契丹部族制度因素,进行了“因俗而治”的创新性改造和调适,形成了以中原政治文化的制度框架和运作模式为底色的北、南面官制度,为中国古代各民族之间的交往交流交融提供了制度例证。The ranking of Liao Dynasty grand chancellors was complex and rigorous.Most were also chief officials at the Northern and Southern Establishments and Palace Secretariat(of political affairs),playing roles as policymakers and administrators.The central political system in the Liao Dynasty integrated the Central Secretariat and Northern and Southern Establishments,thus featuring both inheritance of,and innovation upon,the central bureaucratic establishment,over the period following the late Tang and Five Dynasties.In the middle and late Liao Dynasty,for major policies,the central political system featured joint policy-making by the emperor and the grand chancellors,headed by the Commissioners of Military Affairs of the Northern and Southern Establishments and Director of the Palace Secretariat(of political affairs),and thus displayed the characteristic of “surpassing the Northern and Southern Establishments”.By imitating the bureaucratic establishment of the Central Plains,the Liao Dynasty incorporated elements of the Khitan tribal system,while including innovative modifications based on its own customs.It thus established a system of northern and southern administrative officials based on the institutional framework and operational mode of the political culture of the Central Plains,and provides an institutional example of exchange and integration of ethnic groups in ancient China.

关 键 词：辽朝 宰相制度 北南面官制 中枢体制 

分 类 号：D691.42[政治法律—政治学] K246.1[政治法律—中外政治制度]