秩序重构下的11—12世纪欧洲政教之争  

The Conflict of Reconstruction of Order between Empire and Church in Europe during the 11th-12th Centuries

作　　者：李腾 Li Teng

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文学院世界史系,上海200234

出　　处：《历史研究》2022年第3期153-168,M0007,M0008,共18页Historical Research

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“‘12世纪文艺复兴’学术发展史研究(1840—2012)”(19CSS009);国家社科基金重大项目“西方政教关系核心文献整理、翻译与研究”(18ZDA216)资助。

摘　　要：神圣罗马帝国与天主教会之争是中世纪盛期西欧重要历史事件。自奥托一世时代起,神圣罗马帝国就一直试图恢复“帝国权威”和建立欧洲统一秩序,同时深度介入教会事务,亨利三世甚至主导了11世纪中期的教会改革。但教会从11世纪中后期采取“效仿帝国”策略,教权迅速崛起并试图将教宗塑造为至高权威,依托教宗建立一统秩序。权力体系与核心诉求的相似性成为帝国与教会冲突的根源。11—12世纪帝国与教会之争,是中古欧洲实现统一秩序的重要尝试,而随着君主制发展与民族国家兴起,教会和帝国的权威都受到极大冲击,秩序重构走向失败。The conflict between the Holy Roman Empire and the Catholic Church was an important historical episode during the heyday of the Western European Middle Ages.Since Otto I,the Holy Roman Empire had been attempting to restore “imperial authority” and establish a unified order in Europe,at the same time intervening deeply in church affairs.Henry Ⅲ even led church reform during the mid-11th century.However,after the mid-late 11th century,the church adopted a strategy of “imitating the empire”,with the goal of establishing the Pope as the supreme authority and thus establishing a unified order,and the power of religion rapidly increased.The similarity between empire and church in terms of power systems and core demands,reflecting the key attempts to achieve a unified order in medieval Europe,gave rise to conflict between them.However,the rise of hierarchical monarchy and nation-states greatly impacted the authority of the church and empire,and this reconstruction of order failed.

关 键 词：神圣罗马帝国 天主教会 政教之争 欧洲秩序 

分 类 号：K503[历史地理—历史学] B979[历史地理—世界史]