英国流亡者与美国建国初期的党争  

The British Exiles and Party Conflict in the Early American Republic

作　　者：杨崧愉 Yang Songyu

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史学系,上海200433

出　　处：《历史研究》2022年第3期169-191,M0008,共24页Historical Research

摘　　要：18世纪末,一批英国激进分子流亡到美国,在美国激烈的党派斗争和政治文化分歧中扮演了重要角色。1798年,在英国“反雅各宾主义”影响下,美国联邦党主导的政府制定了《惩治煽动叛乱法》,严厉打击反对政府的言论,防止共和党和“雅各宾派”颠覆政府。英国流亡者以英国政治为参照,抨击法令,谴责联邦党效仿英国体制,在美国建立贵族统治,剥夺公民自由权利。流亡者反对联邦党人的政治修辞广泛传播,形成强大公共意见,最终促使法令失效。流亡者的介入使美国建国初期的党派斗争与大西洋世界的政治变动息息相关,呈现鲜明的跨国性。At the end of the 18 th century,a group of British radicals immigrated to America as political exiles,where they played an essential role in a series of fierce party conflicts and political culture divisions between the Federalists and the Republicans.In 1798,influenced by British “Anti-Jacobinism”,the Federalists-dominated government passed The Sedition Act to crack down on criticism of themselves and prevent the conspiracy from subverting the government by the Republicans and so-called “Jacobins”.Referring to British politics,the exiles attacked the Act and denounced the Federalists for imitating the British system,establishing aristocracy in America,and depriving the civil liberty of the people.The exiles’ political rhetoric against the Federalists spread widely,forming strong public opinions which eventually invalidated the Act.Because of the British exiles’ involvement in politics of America,the party conflict of the Early American Republic was closely related to the political changes in the Atlantic World,exhibited distinct transnational features,and reshaped American perception of party politics.

关 键 词：英国流亡者 《惩治煽动叛乱法》 跨国史 党派斗争 美国建国 

分 类 号：K712.4[历史地理—历史学]