北京市一起输入性肺炭疽疫情控制的探讨与思考  

Discussion and consideration of the control of imported pulmonary anthrax in Beijing

作　　者：陈春枝 刘锋[1] 李爽[2] 窦相峰[2] CHEN Chun-Zhi;LIU Feng;LI Shuang;DOU Xiang-Feng(The Haidian District Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Beijing City,Beijing 100094,China;Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市海淀区疾病预防控制中心,北京100094 [2]北京市疾病预防控制中心,北京100013

出　　处：《中国人兽共患病学报》2022年第8期740-743,共4页Chinese Journal of Zoonoses

摘　　要：目的分析输入肺炭疽感染来源,描述流行病学特征,探讨肺炭疽疫情预防控制措施,为类似事件处置积累经验。方法收集患者一般社会学、流行病学、临床表现和病原学检测等信息,按照原卫生部《炭疽病诊断治疗与处置方案(2005年版)》采取预防控制措施。结果该起事件共涉及病例2例,1例肺炭疽,1例皮肤炭疽。实验室检测显示肺炭疽患者胸水荧光实时PCR炭疽芽孢杆菌(以下简称炭疽杆菌)核酸阳性,血清抗体胶体金检测阳性;皮肤炭疽患者血清抗体胶体金检测阳性;3份病死牛牛肉炭疽PCR核酸检测标本阳性,其中1份牛肉分离培养出炭疽杆菌。结论该事件为一起跨省炭疽聚集性疫情,肺炭疽疑似感染来自吸入高压水枪冲刷病死牛剥皮后地面污物过程中产生的含有炭疽杆菌的飞沫、尘埃或气溶胶。To analyze the sources of imported pulmonary anthrax infection,describe the epidemiological characteristics,discuss measures of prevention and control,and report experience in the pulmonary anthrax epidemic that may be applied to similar events,our team collected general sociological,epidemiological,clinical manifestations,and etiological detection data for patients.The prevention and control measures were specified according to the"Protocol for diagnosis,Treatment,and Treatment of Anthrax(2005 edition)"issued by the former Ministry of Health.Two medical cases of pulmonary anthrax and cutaneous anthrax were identified.Laboratory tests showed a positive nucleic acid result for Bacillus anthracis in the pleural fluid of patients with pulmonary anthrax by fluorescence real-time PCR,a positive colloidal gold result for serum antibodies in patients with skin anthrax,and a positive nucleic acid PCR result for anthrax in three dead cattle.We also isolated and cultured B.anthracis from a piece of beef.This inter-provincial outbreak of anthrax is suspected to have been caused by droplets,dust,or aerosols containing anthrax bacteria,particularly inhalation of water droplets during washing away dirt on the ground after flaying of dead cattle.

关 键 词：炭疽 疫情 预防控制 

分 类 号：R378.8[医药卫生—病原生物学]