钟馗役鬼与刘基倡廉  

Zhong Kui Enslaving Ghost and Liu Ji Advocating Integrity

作　　者：杨俊才 YANG Juncai(Faculty for Nationalities,Lishui University,Lishui 323000,Zhejiang)

机构地区：[1]丽水学院民族学院,浙江丽水323000

出　　处：《丽水学院学报》2022年第4期7-13,共7页Journal of Lishui University

摘　　要：钟馗,民间所崇奉的鬼王兼门神,专事捉鬼吃鬼。其来历说法不一。在钟馗信仰发展过程中,唐玄宗与画家吴道子起了重要作用。自吴道子之后,钟馗成为后世画家喜爱的传统题材。在钟馗画中,有一类题材,其中钟馗或移家、或出游、或嫁妹,主要表现钟馗如何役使众鬼为其效劳,可统称之为“钟馗役鬼”。在多数人的意识里,钟馗惩恶扬善,护佑万民,是正义的化身,众鬼为其效劳,理所应当。但刘基在《题钟馗役鬼移家图》中认为,钟馗役鬼有失公正,其行为实质上是利用执法者的特权,作威作福,大肆享受被执法者的服务,乃是“怙威植私干律令”。刘基立足百姓,以民为本,一生清廉,其廉政意识的自觉与清醒,以及身体力行的践履是最值得人们学习的。Zhong Kui,the ghost king and door god worshiped by the folk,specialized in catching and eating ghosts.Different accounts exist as to the origin of the worship.In the development of the worship,the emperor Xuanzong and the renowned painter Wu Daozi of Tang dynasty played an important role.Since the first depiction by Wu Daozi,Zhong Kui has become a traditional subject matter favored by later painters.In all paintings about Zhong Kui,there is a category of subject matters,such as moving houses,going on a tour,or marrying a sister,which mainly shows how Zhong Kui enslaves ghosts,so it is called“Zhong Kui enslaving ghosts”.In most people's mind,Zhong Kui punishes evil,promotes good and protects people,so people take it for granted that he is the incarnation of justice and ghosts are supposed to serve him.However,Liu Ji contended in his poem inscribed on the painting Zhong Kui's Ghosts Moving House for Him that Zhong Kui’behavior is unjust because he is in essence taking advantage of his status as a law executor,abusing his power and wantonly enjoying the services of those who regulated by him or“abusing the authority of law for private affairs”.Liu Ji lived a clean and honest life,and was always people-oriented and free from corruption.His consciousness of clean governance and integrity is worth learning.

关 键 词：钟馗 役鬼 刘基 廉政意识 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]