反帝国主义与大陆主义:关于拉美反帝运动的争论  

Anti-Imperialism and Continentalism: Debate on the Anti-Imperial Movement in Latin America

作　　者：隗敏 Wei Min

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2022年第3期23-42,154,155,共22页Journal of Latin American Studies

摘　　要：在20世纪前半叶的拉丁美洲反帝国主义运动浪潮中,阿亚与梅里亚同样经由大学改革运动登上政治舞台,开展反帝运动。但是基于各自对拉美现实和反帝理论的理解,二者分别领导拉美两大反帝组织,在具体的反帝实践中产生冲突,由此引发论战。在这场论战中,双方力争在政治话语权的争夺中占据上风。二者争论的焦点是美洲人民革命联盟的性质以及拉美反帝运动是否具有特殊性,以此论辩前者的合法性。这场论战的直接结果是使美洲人民革命联盟在组织和思想上疏远了共产国际及反帝国主义联盟。除了在拉丁美洲争夺反帝国主义运动的代表权之外,这场辩论有三个层面的意义:首先,二者对阿普拉主义与共产主义的辨析涉及拉美左翼分子内部出现的意识形态分裂;第二,鉴于全球政治运动,共产国际与拉丁美洲民族主义小资产阶级之间的争论导致“民粹主义”一词在拉丁美洲的政治讨论中首次被使用;第三,二者关于拉丁美洲反帝革命的性质及其在全球反帝运动中所处位置的辩论,勾勒出阿普拉主义中的大陆主义内涵。During the wave of anti-imperialist movements in Latin America in the first half of the 20th century,both Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre and Julio Antonia Meliáentered the political arena through the University Reform movement. However,based on their different understandings of Latin American reality and anti-imperialist theory,they were respectively leading two major anti-imperialist organizations of Latin America which clashed in their specific anti-imperialist practices. Both sides strived to gain the upper hand in the struggle for political representative. The debate centered on the nature of the APRA and the specificity of the Latin American anti-imperialist movement,which is closely related to the legitimacy of the APRA. The debate resulted in the organizational and ideological alienation of the APRA from the Comintern. Beyond the struggle for the delegacy of anti-imperialism in Latin America,this debate revealed implications at three dimensions. First,the debate on the essence of Communism and Aprismo resulted in an ideological split within the Latin American left wings. Second, in light of the global political movements, the dispute between the Comintern and local nationalist petty bourgeoisie led to the use of the term “populism ” for the first time in the political discussion in Latin America. Third, this leftist debate was ostensibly a polemic over whether Apristas are communists. However,emphasis on the aspect of ideological struggle may result in overlooking the essence of Aprismo in the 1920s,which is the pursuit of continentalism.

关 键 词：拉美左翼 反帝国主义 大陆主义 阿普拉主义 民粹主义 

分 类 号：K14[历史地理—历史学]