美国冷战战略与英属圭亚那政权更迭(1961—1964年)  

America’s Cold War Strategy and British Guiana’s Regime Change(1961-1964)

作　　者：舒建中 Shu Jianzhong

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学院 [2]南京大学—约翰斯·霍普金斯大学中美文化研究中心

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2022年第3期63-80,156,共19页Journal of Latin American Studies

摘　　要：基于实施全球冷战战略并在西半球遏制所谓共产主义渗透和扩张的考量,美国从20世纪60年代初期就力图影响英属圭亚那的政治进程。为此,美国作出了周密的政策筹划和布局,同时持续向英国施加压力,迫使英国同意替换贾根政府。在具体政策行动层面,美国通过隐蔽方式煽动英属圭亚那大罢工,目的是制造政治和社会危机,以便为颠覆贾根政府营造有利的环境。另一方面,为助力反对派政党赢得选举,美国还运用政治和外交手段打压贾根及其领导的人民进步党,同时运用秘密和公开手段支持以伯纳姆为首的反对派政党。借助隐蔽和公开的政策行动相结合的方式,美国实现了颠覆民选合法的贾根政府、扶植亲美政权的政策目标。1964年英属圭亚那事件是美国将冷战战略和反共产主义政策植入加勒比政治进程的重大事件,同时也是美国中情局运用隐蔽政治行动方式寻求在他国策动政权更迭的典型案例。英属圭亚那政权更迭表明,在冷战背景下,美国决不允许西半球出现所谓共产主义的渗透和威胁,即便是对奉行社会改革的政权,美国也会刻意贴上共产主义的标签并予以清除。Based on the global Cold War strategy and the policy of containing communist expansion in the Western Hemisphere,the United States had sought to interfere in the political process in British Guiana since the early 1960s. For this end, the U. S. made careful policy planning while putting continuous pressure on Britain to make it agree to the expulsion of Jagan regime. At the level of specific policy actions,the U. S. instigated the general strike in British Guiana through secret channels,so as to provoke political and social crisis and create a favorable environment for the overthrow of Jagan regime. On the other hand,in order to help the opposition parties win the election,the U. S. used both political and diplomatic means to suppress Jagan and his People’s Progressive Party while supporting the opposition parties led by Burnham openly or secretly. Through a combination of covert and overt policy actions,the U. S. finally achieved its strategic goal of ousting Jagan through elections,and installed a pro-American regime in British Guiana. The regime change of British Guiana showed that in the context of Cold War,the U. S. would not allow the infiltration of Communism in the Western Hemisphere,even the regimes that embraced social reform would also be labeled“Communism”and eliminated by the United States.

关 键 词：冷战战略 英属圭亚那 共产主义 隐蔽行动 工会组织 英美关系 

分 类 号：K14[历史地理—历史学]