完善铁路旅客运输儿童票制度的思考  

Thoughts on Optimizing Child Ticket System in Railway Passenger Transport

作　　者：亐道远[1] 闫映宇 QU Daoyuan;YAN Yingyu(School of Economics and Law,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shijiazhuang 050043,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]石家庄铁道大学经济与法律学院,河北石家庄050043

出　　处：《铁道运输与经济》2022年第8期65-69,82,共6页Railway Transport and Economy

基　　金：国家铁路局科技与法制司项目(KFJF2020-058)。

摘　　要：除民航以外,铁路、水路及公路旅客运输长期以来主要以单一身高标准作为儿童票的依据。近年来,公路和铁路旅客运输开始重视年龄标准,逐步探索实施年龄标准与身高标准并行的模式。目前学界关于铁路旅客运输儿童票依据的理论争论主要有身高标准依据论与“年龄标准+身高标准”依据论。考察国外立法,国外普遍以年龄标准作为铁路旅客运输儿童票的依据。借鉴国外经验,尊重我国人口众多及铁路运输基础性地位的特殊国情,认为我国铁路旅客运输儿童票制度构建应充分考虑铁路运输组织高效运转的效率价值和儿童权益保障的公平价值,构建“年龄标准+身高标准”的儿童票双轨制模式,从制度设计上做到效率与公平的有机统一。Height has been considered as a measuring standard of child tickets in passenger transport including railways,waterways,and highways,with airplanes an exception.In recent years,highway and railway passenger transport have paid attention to passengers’age and taken it as a standard to gradually explore a mode of implementing the age standard and the height standard synchronously.At present,scholars debate on standards of child tickets in railway passenger transport and mainly focus on the height standard and“age+height standard”.In addition,other countries generally list passengers’age as the standard of child tickets in their legislation in terms of railway passenger transport.Therefore,based on the national condition of the large population and the fundamental position of railway transport in China,this paper drew on experience from other countries and proposed that the efficient operation of railway transport organizations and the protection of children’s rights should be fully considered in optimizing child ticket system in China’s railway passenger transport,and a dual-track child ticket system of“age+height standard”should be built,so as to organically unify the efficiency and fairness in designing the system.

关 键 词：铁路 旅客运输 儿童票 身高标准 年龄标准 

分 类 号：U293.1[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]