日本新干线速度等级影响因素及提速对策分析  

Analysis of Factors Influencing Shinkansen Speed Grades and Speed-up Measures

作　　者：史俊玲 荆晓霞 刘坦 杨磊 SHI Junling;JING Xiaoxia;LIU Tan;YANG Lei(Scientific&Technical Information Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;Railway Science&Technology Research&Development Center,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司科学技术信息研究所,北京100081 [2]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道科学技术研究发展中心,北京100081

出　　处：《铁道运输与经济》2022年第8期137-144,共8页Railway Transport and Economy

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划课题(J2021Z002);中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司科研项目(2020YJ085)。

摘　　要：为高速铁路选择合理的速度等级,有助于铁路运输企业降低运营成本,提高运输效率。日本新干线开通运营半个多世纪以来,一直致力于提高运营速度。基于新干线速度等级的变迁历程,对新干线速度等级的影响因素进行分析,即旅行时间为新干线速度等级提出需求,地理格局和站间距设置影响其提速动力,技术水平和经济可行性影响其决策结果。针对新干线提速受限的影响因素,分别提出基础设施标准低、环境噪声限制严、制动距离要求高、能耗及经济可行性等方面的对策措施。通过分析可以看出,日本新干线经过多年的运营实践,在速度等级优化方面有诸多经验和教训,研究其影响因素和提速对策可以为我国高速铁路速度等级优化提供参考和借鉴。A reasonable speed grade for a high speed railway helps the operator reduce operation costs and improve transport efficiency.Since Shinkansen was put into operation over 50 years ago,Japan has been working to improve its operation speed.Given changes in speed grades of Shinkansen in its development history,this paper analyzed the factors influencing Shinkansen speed grades:Travel time requires higher speed grade;geographical pattern and distance between stations serve as a driving force for speed increase;technical level and economic feasibility influence the decision making.After analyzing these factors,the paper put forward speed-up measures to cope with low-standard infrastructure,strict limits on ambient noise,short braking distance,high energy consumption,and low economic feasibility.The analysis shows that Japan has accumulated rich experiences in speed grade optimization after years of operation practices.Therefore,the study of the influencing factors and speed-up measures can provide references for speed grade optimization of China’s high speed railways.

关 键 词：日本 新干线 速度等级 影响因素 提速对策 

分 类 号：U292.43[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]