行手术治疗婴幼儿发生压力性损伤的影响因素分析  

Influencing factors of pressure injury in infants and young children undergoing operation

作　　者：滕思思[1] 陈思[1] 彭丽红[1] Teng Sisi;Chen Si;Peng Lihong(Department of Anesthesia Surgery,Hunan Children's Hospital,Changsha 410007,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省儿童医院麻醉手术科,长沙410007

出　　处：《中华现代护理杂志》2022年第23期3189-3192,共4页Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing

基　　金：湖南省科技创新计划项目 (2020SK50505)。

摘　　要：目的调查手术治疗婴幼儿压力性损伤的发生情况,并分析其发生压力性损伤的危险因素。方法采用回顾性分析法,选择2018年7月—2021年6月湖南省儿童医院麻醉手术科收治的657例手术治疗婴幼儿,根据美国国家压疮咨询委员会(NPUAP)对手术治疗婴幼儿进行评估,根据是否发生压力性损伤将其分为发生压力性损伤组(n=15)和未发生压力性损伤组(n=643)。收集婴幼儿年龄、手术时长、手术开始30 min体温、空腹时长、体重指数(BMI)、手术体位、发生压力性损伤时间、压力性损伤部位、压力性损伤分级及手术类型,调查术后发生压力性损伤的现状,分析发生压力性损伤的相关因素。结果657例行手术治疗婴幼儿中,21例发生压力性损伤。Logistic回归分析结果显示,手术时长≥3 h(OR=4.362,95%CI:3.322~5.728)、手术开始30 min体温<34.0℃(OR=1.066,95%CI:1.009~1.127)、BMI>17.9 kg/m^(2)(OR=2.683,95%CI:1.133~6.356)是行手术治疗婴幼儿发生压力性损伤的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论手术治疗婴幼儿压力性损伤的发生率较高,因此在围术期应重点评估发生压力性损伤的影响因素,并实施有效的预防措施,尽可能降低压力性损伤发生率。Objective To investigate the occurrence of pressure injury in infants undergoing operation and analyze the risk factors of pressure injury.Methods Using the retrospective analysis method,a total of 657 infants and young children who were admitted to Department of Anesthesia Surgery and underwent operation in Hunan Children's Hospital from July 2018 to June 2021 were selected as research objects.According to National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel(NPUAP),infants and young children undergoing operation were evaluated.They were divided into the pressure injury group(n=15)and the no pressure injury group(n=643)according to the occurrence of pressure injury.The age of infants and young children,operation time,body temperature of 30 minutes after operation,fasting time,body mass index(BMI),operation position,pressure injury time,pressure injury location,pressure injury classification and operation type were collected.The occurrence of postoperative pressure injury was investigated and the related factors were analyzed.Results Among the 657 infants and young children undergoing operation,21 cases had pressure injury.Logistic regression analysis showed that the operation duration was≥3 h(OR=4.362,95%CI:3.322-5.728),the body temperature of 30 minues after surgery was lower than 34.0℃(OR=1.066,95%CI:1.009-1.127)and BMI greater than 17.9 kg/m^(2)(OR=2.683,95%CI:1.133-6.356)were risk factors for pressure injury in infants undergoing surgery(P<0.05).Conclusions The incidence of pressure injury in infants and young children undergoing operation is relatively high.Therefore,it is necessary to focus on evaluating the influencing factors of pressure injury in the perioperative period and implement effective preventive measures to reduce the incidence of pressure injury as much as possible.

关 键 词：压力性损伤 婴幼儿 手术治疗 手术时长 术中低体温 

分 类 号：R726.5[医药卫生—儿科]