《难经》“五输主病”及其五行观念分析  

Historical origin of the "indications of the five-shu" in Nanjing and analysis on the five-elements ideological background

作　　者：赵京生[1] 姜姗 ZHAO Jing-sheng;JIANG Shan(Institute of Acupuncture-Moxibustion,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;School of Medical Humanities and Social Science,Peking Union Medical College)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院针灸研究所,北京100700 [2]北京协和医学院人文和社会科学学院

出　　处：《中国针灸》2022年第8期935-941,共7页Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目:81873241。

摘　　要：《难经》是继《黄帝内经》之后的另一中医理论典籍,对主要出于《黄帝内经》的理论进行诠解与阐发。五输穴是常用的一类重要腧穴,《难经》所提出的“五输主病”,在针灸腧穴的理论和运用上都对后世具有重要影响,但经考证,实际却只是从五行学说推演的一种虚构。通过深入分析其理论建构的源头与方法,考辨、发现具体主治病症来源,明确该理论谬误所在;继而对比《内》《难》中五输应五季的根本差异,深入发掘《黄帝内经》五输与季节关系的社会观念背景,进一步从理论推衍方法上佐证《难经》五输穴主病的问题所在,从而形成对其意义与价值的理性判断,避免盲目实践。Nanjing(Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Eighty-one Difficult Issues), as one of the classics of traditional Chinese medicine, is concerned as the supplement and summarization of some theory recorded in the Huangdi Neijing(Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor). Five-shu point is one of the commonly used important acupoints, the "indications of the five-shu" raised by Nanjing has been weighing a lot since the beginning, not only in the constructing of acupuncture-moxibustion theory, but in clinical practice. However, "indications of the five-shu" was actually deduced from the five-elements theory in the first place. On the one hand, by analyzing its original idea and method during construction, the fallacies in theoretical building of the "indications of the five-shu" were clarified. On the other hand,under the comparison of Huangdi Neijing and Nanjing, the research argues that the similar texts on the relation of five-shu and seasons have fundamental differences. By a further discussion on the social ideological background of the relation of five-shu points and seasons in Huangdi Neijing, the main problem of the "indications of the five-shu" recorded in Nanjing is put forward, both theoretically and methodologically. In conclusion, the use of theories like the "indications of the five-shu " should be revaluated rather than directly put into practice.

关 键 词：难经 五输穴 五行学说 内经 针灸思想史 

分 类 号：R245[医药卫生—针灸推拿学]