西方自由国际主义思想传统的源流、逻辑及困境  

The Traditional Western Liberal Internationalism: Its Origin,Logic and Dilemma

作　　者：付文广 Fu Wenguang

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学院

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2022年第4期22-46,154,155,共27页Journal of Latin American Studies

摘　　要：作为主流的西方思想传统,自由国际主义历来是影响和塑造现代国际秩序的重要意识形态因素。纵览历史,自由国际主义思想传统大致经历了三个发展阶段:在启蒙时代,以格老秀斯、克略西和康德等为代表的思想家系统地提出了“国际法治和平”“商业贸易和平”及“共和主义和平”命题,自由国际主义思想的理论框架初步形成;19世纪,自由主义思想与英国霸权的结合催生了国际政治领域的古典自由国际主义;19世纪末至20世纪上半叶,以两次海牙国际和平会议召开特别是对“一战”爆发的反思为契机,古典(道德)自由国际主义加快向现代(制度)自由国际主义转变,西方自由国际主义思想的基本格局趋于定型。自由国际主义思想传统蕴含理性、合作、集体安全与多边主义等合理要素,其在推动国际关系民主化、制度化和维持国际体系的开放性方面具有进步意义。同时,在关于主权与人权价值的权衡,美西方中心主义与普适性多边主义缠结,国际关系中普世主义、理性主义、和平诉求及精英取向与民族主义、帝国主义、战争冲突及大众政治因素的调和方面,也存在难以化解的悖论性困境。As the mainstream western ideological tradition,liberal internationalism has always been an important ideological factor influencing and shaping the modern international order. Throughout history, the liberal internationalist tradition has gone through three stages of development. In the age of Enlightenment, thinkers such as Grotius,Crucé and Kant, systematically put forward the propositions of “international peace by law”,“peace by commerce and trade”and “peace by republicanism”,so that the theoretical framework of liberal internationalism was initially formed. In the 19century,with the combination of liberal thought and British hegemony,classical liberal internationalism was born in the field of international politics. From the end of the 19century to the first half of the 20century,taking the occasions of the two International Peace Conference in Hague,particularly through reflection on the First World War,the transformation from classical ( moral ) liberal internationalism to modern ( institutional )liberal internationalism accelerated,and the basic pattern of western liberal internationalism tended to be finalized. The tradition of liberal internationalism contains plausible elements such as rationality,cooperation,collective security and multilateralism. It has progressive significance in promoting the democratization and institutionalization of international relations and maintaining the openness of international system. Meanwhile,there are also paradoxical dilemmas in aspects such as the weighing between the value of sovereignty and human rights,the coping with the tangle of American-Western centralism and universal multilateralism,the reconciling of the Apollonian factors such as universalism,rationalism,peace appeal and elite orientation with the Dionysian factors such as nationalism,imperialism,war and conflict and mass politics in international relations.

关 键 词：自由国际主义 国际安全 多边主义 意识形态 道德 制度 

分 类 号：D069[政治法律—政治学]