小麦对麦长管蚜的耐害性及评估方法  

Tolerance of wheat to the grain aphid Sitobion avenae and evaluation method:a review

作　　者：胡想顺[1,2] 李广阔 张战凤[1] 赵惠燕[1] 刘同先[1] Hu Xiangshun;Li Guangkuo;Zhang Zhanfeng;Zhao Huiyan;Liu Tongxian(Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas,College of Plant Protection,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institution of Plant Protection,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室,农业农村部西北黄土高原作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,陕西杨陵712100 [2]新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所,农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2022年第4期983-993,共11页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32172425);陕西省自然科学基金(2021JM-085);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300705);农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室开放基金(KFJJ20180107)。

摘　　要：为更有效地将耐害性用于小麦病虫害的绿色防控,该文就小麦对麦长管蚜的耐蚜性及其评估方法进行总结。具有耐蚜性的小麦受到一定数量蚜虫为害时,田间产量损失不明显,或能够通过生理生态途径补偿产量损失。耐蚜性不影响蚜虫的取食及生物学参数,对蚜虫进化压力小,因此田间表现更稳定。耐蚜小麦可以允许田间存在一定数量的蚜虫,这不仅可以减轻防治压力,还可以为天敌提供食物,有利于天敌的保护和利用,更符合有害生物绿色防控理念的核心。然而,目前抗麦长管蚜的小麦抗源鉴选主要是以蚜量为基础的抗生性和不选择性,耐害性被忽视。鉴于麦长管蚜田间蚜量与小麦产量(千粒重)损失率正相关,且峰值蚜量和小麦千粒重受损敏感期在小麦灌浆期重合,因此提出了以耐蚜值(千粒重损失率和灌浆期蚜情指标的比值)为依据计算耐蚜指数来评估小麦耐害性的方法,该方法可弥补抗源鉴选中忽视耐害性的不足,也能克服以田间千粒重损失率为依据评估耐害性时很难实现蚜量统一的不足,同时消除抗生性和不选择性带来的影响。The wheat tolerance to the grain aphid,Sitobion avenae,was summarized and discussed in order to better apply it to the green prevention and control(GPC)and ecologically pest management(EPM)in wheat fields.The yield loss of tolerant wheat variety is not obvious,which can potentially be compensated through physiological and ecological ways in response to feeding by a certain amount of aphids.It is generally accepted that the tolerance of wheat does not affect the feeding behavior,growing,development and fecundity of aphids,thus having no evolutionary pressure on aphids,and therefore,it is a more stable and enduring method for controlling pests in fields.In addition,the tolerant wheat to the grain aphid allows for a low density of aphid population to exist in the field,which can not only lighten the prevention stress to this pest,but provide food for the aphid’s natural enemies in a wheat field ecosystem.It is advantageous to the maintenance and protection of the natural enemy population,and accords with the core concepts of GPC and EPM.Nevertheless,at present,the selection and evaluation of resistant wheat germplasms to aphid is based on the aphid number on wheat plants,which focuses on the resistant mechanism of antibiosis and non-preference,but ignores the tolerance.In view of the positive correlation between the aphid population and yield or thousand kernel weight(TKW)loss rates of wheat,and the peak of aphid population and the maximum loss rates period of TKW caused by aphid damage always in coincidence with the filling stage of wheat in the field,a tolerance index based on tolerance value(the ratio of the TKW loss rate to the aphid density index at the filling stage)is proposed to evaluate the tolerance of wheat to aphid damages in fields.This method makes up for the shortcomings(ignores the tolerance)of the existing evaluation methods of wheat resistance to aphids,and also makes up for the shortcomings of requiring a fixed and equal density of aphid population(it is difficult to achieve in practice)in toler

关 键 词：小麦 麦长管蚜 抗性表型 耐害(蚜)性 评估方法 耐蚜值 耐蚜指数 

分 类 号：S435.122.2[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]