呼和浩特市苜蓿根腐病病原菌鉴定及致病性测定  

Identification and pathogenicity test of pathogens causing alfalfa root rot in Hohhot

作　　者：杨剑锋 王乐 张园园 林克剑 徐林波[1] 刘爱萍[1] Yang Jianfeng;Wang Le;Zhang Yuanyuan;Lin Kejian;Xu Linbo;Liu Aiping(Key Laboratory of Biohazard Monitoring,Green Prevention and Control for Artificial Grassland,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Institute of Grassland Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hohhot 010010,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China;College of Horticulture and Plant Protection,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院草原研究所,农业农村部人工草地生物灾害监测与绿色防控重点实验室,呼和浩特010010 [2]内蒙古农业大学园艺与植物保护学院,呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2022年第4期1093-1101,共9页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610332020013,1610332022003);中央引导地方科技发展资金(2021SZY0047);内蒙古自然科学基金(2021BS03025)。

摘　　要：为确定引起呼和浩特市苜蓿根腐病的病原菌种类,采用常规组织分离法对采集的疑似苜蓿根腐病病样进行病原菌分离与培养,利用形态学观察结合分子生物学方法对分离物代表菌株进行鉴定,并采用土壤接种法对代表菌株的致病性进行测定。结果表明,共分离获得6类形态学特征不同的分离物,各随机选择1株代表菌株进行鉴定,结合分子生物学鉴定结果确定呼和浩特市苜蓿根腐病病原菌有6种,分别是麦根腐平脐蠕孢菌Bipolaris sorokiniana、立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani、木贼镰刀菌Fusarium equiseti、变红镰刀菌F.incarnatum、锐顶镰刀菌F.acuminatum和织球壳枯萎菌Plectosphaerella cucumerina,分别分离到1、7、14、26、7和14株菌株,占总分离菌株数的1.45%、10.14%、20.29%、37.68%、10.14%和20.29%。其中,立枯丝核菌的致病力最强,接种苜蓿幼苗发病的病情指数达82.67,其次为木贼镰刀菌、变红镰刀菌、锐顶镰刀菌、麦根腐平脐蠕孢菌和织球壳枯萎菌,病情指数分别为72.67、62.67、58.67、52.67和46.00。表明引起呼和浩特市苜蓿根腐病的病原菌有6种,其中变红镰刀菌为优势致病种,且不同病原菌对苜蓿的致病力存在显著差异。In order to identify the pathogen causing alfalfa root rot in Hohhot,suspected pathogen isolates were isolated from diseased samples using conventional tissue separation method,and representative isolates were identified by using morphological and molecular methods.Moreover,the pathogenicity of these representatives was tested on alfalfa with soil inoculation method.The isolates obtained could be divided into six groups based on their different morphological characteristics.Combined with the results of molecular biology identification,the six representative isolates,selected one from each of the six groups,were identified as Bipolaris sorokiniana,Rhizoctonia solani,Fusarium equiseti,F.incarnatum,F.acuminatum and Plectosphaerella cucumerina,representing 1,7,14,26,7 and 14 isolates,respectively,and accounting for 1.45%,10.14%,20.29%,37.68%,10.14%and 20.29%of the total number of isolates.Among them,R.solani had the highest pathogenicity,and the disease index of inoculated alfalfa seedlings was 82.67,followed by F.equiseti,F.incarnatum,F.acuminatum,B.sorokiniana and P.cucumerina,with a disease index of 72.67,62.67,58.67,52.67 and 46.00,respectively.The results indicated that six pathogen species could cause alfalfa root rot in Hohhot,among which F.incarnatum was the dominant pathogen,and these species differed significant in pathogenicity on alfalfa.

关 键 词：苜蓿根腐病 病原菌 分离鉴定 致病性 镰刀菌 麦根腐平脐蠕孢菌 织球壳枯萎菌 

分 类 号：S435.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]