水系锌离子电池的稳定性优化策略  

Stability Optimization Strategy of Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries

作　　者：甘億 王聪 李敬迎 郑俊杰 万厚钊 王浩[1,2] Gan Yi;Wang Cong;Li Jingying;Zheng Junjie;Wan Houzhao;Wang Hao(School of Microelectronics,Hubei University,Wuhan 430062,Chinese;Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories,Wuhan 430205,Chinese)

机构地区：[1]湖北大学微电子学院,湖北武汉430062 [2]湖北江城实验室,湖北武汉430205

出　　处：《稀有金属》2022年第6期753-775,共23页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52002122);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2021M690947)资助。

摘　　要：随着全球的环境恶化日益加剧,如何提高可再生能源的利用效率逐渐受到人们的关注。其中,水系锌离子电池相比锂离子电池及其他离子电池,在安全性和低成本等方面表现较为出色而成为当前研究热点。然而,水系锌离子电池面临着阴极材料的性能衰减、锌阳极的枝晶、副反应以及电解液消耗等问题,导致循环稳定性低,使其应用受到极大的限制。目前,针对水系锌离子电池循环稳定性低的优化策略方面还没有得到系统的总结和归纳。本文针对循环稳定性的优化这一问题,从阴极的空位、掺杂、包覆、复合和阳极的3D结构、表面改性、无锌金属设计还有电解液的离子诱导、去溶剂化结合水、原位固体电解质界面(SEI)以及隔膜和集流体的材料设计等角度,分别对水系锌离子电池阴极材料、锌阳极和电解液等方面进行了系统性的总结。并且,本文还提出了相关优化策略仍需探究的机制、适用材料体系等问题,最后对未来的研究方向做出展望。The deterioration of climate and environment caused by fossil energy consumption was becoming more and more serious,which made the efficient utilization of renewable energy particularly important.In the research system of high-efficiency energy storage devices,lithium-ion batteries had been widely used in various electronic devices and new energy vehicles because of their high capacity and wide voltage window,but there were still some problems such as high cost and poor safety at present.In contrast,the high safety,low cost and low redox potential of aqueous zinc ion battery showed its application advantages in the field of large-scale energy storage,which had become a hot research direction in recent years.However,the problem of cycle stability attenuation of aqueous zinc ion battery hadn’t been completely solved.For cathode materials,the irreversible structure collapse in the process of electrochemical reaction was one of the main reasons for the performance degradation of aqueous zinc ion batteries.Specifically,the cathode materials of the battery would dissolve in varying degrees in the process of electrochemical reaction,and some materials would be transformed into composite products with different structures in the case of proton co-intercalation,which might cause irreversible damage to the material structure.In addition,the conversion reaction was accompanied by the change of pH,and the side reaction would consume the electrolyte and cause the attenuation of capacity.For the anode of the battery,zinc deposition was inevitably accompanied by competitive hydrogen evolution due to thermodynamic and kinetic factors,and the electrolyte consumption and gas expansion caused by hydrogen evolution directly damaged the cycle life of the battery.Secondly,the Zn^(2+) adsorbed on the anode diffused two-dimensional(2D)along the surface,accumulated at the preferential nucleation position and formed the initial protrusion,and the subsequent Zn^(2+) tended to deposit at the existing protrusion,which led to dendrite growt

关 键 词：水系锌离子电池 循环稳定性 电极材料 锌枝晶 电解液 

分 类 号：TM911.3[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]