难处理铀矿外场预处理强化生物浸出研究进展  

External Field Pretreatment to Enhance Bioleaching of Refractory Uranium Ore:A Review

作　　者：刘泓伟 王学刚[1] 龙杰 刘超 柯平超 孙占学[1] Liu Hongwei;Wang Xuegang;Long Jie;Liu Chao;Ke Pingchao;Sun Zhanxue(State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment,School of Water Resources and Environmental Engi-neering,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China)

机构地区：[1]东华理工大学水资源与环境工程学院核资源与环境国家重点实验室,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《稀有金属》2022年第7期965-974,共10页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52064001);江西省自然科学基金项目(20202BABL203022,20202BABL213016)资助。

摘　　要：在当前能源紧缺、碳达峰与碳中和的背景下,核电因具有清洁、低碳、经济等特点而备受关注,而天然铀的安全稳定供给是核电持续发展的重要保障。随着中国铀矿资源开采日趋贫化,复杂难处理铀矿所占比例逐年增加,传统酸法水冶工艺由于工艺复杂、成本高及环境污染等不足,难以经济开采此类矿石,生物浸出技术为难处理矿石及废弃资源中有价金属的提取回收提供了新方向。本综述讨论了铀矿生物浸出技术的最新进展,总结了影响和阻碍生物堆浸技术推广应用的关键技术问题,探讨了微波、超声波、电磁场、电场等非常规外场预处理强化铀矿浸出优势和不足。最后,结合当前铀矿生物浸出技术的进展,提出了难处理铀矿生物强化浸出的研究方向,为今后该领域的研究提供借鉴。Under the background of the current energy shortage,“Carbon Peak”and“Carbon Neutralization”,nuclear power has at⁃tracted much attention due to its clean,low-carbon and economical characteristics,and the safe and stable supply of natural uranium is an important guarantee for the sustainable development of nuclear power.With the increasing scarcity of uranium resources in Chi⁃na,the proportion of complex and refractory uranium ore increases yearly.The traditional wet acid leaching process is difficult to eco⁃nomically exploit such ore due to its complex process,high cost and environmental pollution.Bioleaching technology provides a new di⁃rection for extracting and recovering valuable metals in refractory ores and waste resources.However,the bioleaching of uranium ore still has shortcomings such as long leaching time and low uranium leaching efficiency,which restrict its industrial application.There are mainly the following technical problems that need to be solved urgently:the uranium minerals and sulfide minerals with large ex⁃posed surface in the ore are easy to leach,while the uranium wrapped in the ore is difficult to leach.Due to the weak oxidation activity of bacteria in the heap,the leaching rate of uranium is reduced.The ore with fine particle size is prone to compaction and precipita⁃tion,resulting in poor permeability of the ore heap and uneven distribution of the solution in the ore heap,reducing the leaching effi⁃ciency of uranium.Therefore,further expanding the ore micro-crack structure,increasing the exposed surface of uranium minerals,and improving the bacterial activity of growth and reproduction in the ore heap has become key technical problems to solve the bottle⁃neck of bioleaching technology.This review discussed the latest progress of uranium bioleaching technology,summarized the key tech⁃nical issues that hinder the popularization and application of biological heap leaching technology,and pointed out that the field pre⁃treatment technology with high efficiency,ener

关 键 词：难处理铀矿 预处理 强化浸出 生物浸出 

分 类 号：TF18[冶金工程—冶金物理化学]