2019-2020年某市30所医院医护人员血源性职业暴露调查  

Investigation of blood-borne occupational exposure to health care workers in 30 hospitals of a city from 2019 to 2020

作　　者：彭莉利[1] 刘春来[1] 张卫平[1] 李妍 邓慧怡 周仕丹[1] 吴琦琳 PENG Li-li;LIU Chun-lai;ZHANG Wei-ping;LI Yan;DENG Hui-yi;ZHOU Shi-dan;WU Qi-lin(Huizhou Central People's Hospital,Huizhou,Guangdong 516000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]惠州市中心人民医院医院感染管理部,广东惠州516000 [2]广州市疾控中心,广东广州510440

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2022年第8期1239-1242,共4页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

基　　金：惠州市医疗卫生类科技计划基金资助项目(2019Y032)。

摘　　要：目的 了解医务人员血源性职业暴露与防护现状,为控制职业暴露提出可行性建议。方法 整群抽取2019-2020年某市30所医院,回顾性收集医务人员职业暴露监测资料,包括职业暴露管理情况、职业暴露现状等进行描述性分析。结果 共报告职业暴露1 263例次(2.45%),2019、2020年暴露例次率差异具有统计学意义(2.72%vs. 2.20%,χ~2=14.557,P<0.001)。实习/进修人员暴露例次率最高(3.80%)。护士占48.22%,工龄≤5年占63.18%,针刺伤是主要的暴露方式(75.77%),暴露源以乙型肝炎病毒阳性为主(19.48%),暴露高危科室为门急诊,个人不慎/操作不熟练是暴露的主要原因(65.56%)。无暴露后感染病例发生。结论 提高防护意识,规范诊疗行为,可有效防控职业暴露发生。OBJECTIVE To understand the current situation of blood-borne occupational exposure and protection of health care workers(HCW) and to put forward feasible suggestions to control occupational exposure. METHODS A cluster of 30 hospitals from 2019 to 2020 was selected, and occupational exposure monitoring data of medical staff, including occupational exposure management, occupational exposure status were collected retrospectively for descriptive analysis. RESULTS A total of 1263 cases of occupational exposure were reported, with an exposure rate of 2.45%. There was significant difference in the incidence of exposure between 2019 and 2020(2.72% vs. 2.20%, χ~2=14.557, P<0.001). The highest exposure rate(3.80%) was found in interns/trainees. Nurses accounted for 48.22% and medical staff with working experience ≤5 accounted for 63.18%. Needle stick injury was the main way to cause exposure(75.77%). The exposure source was mainly hepatitis B virus(19.48%). The high-risk departments of exposure were outpatient and emergency departments, and personal carelessness or unskilled operation was the main cause of exposure(65.56%). No post-exposure infection occurred. CONCLUSION Improving the awareness of protection and standardizing diagnosis and treatment behavior can effectively prevent occupational exposure.

关 键 词：职业暴露 调查分析 医务人员 血源性病原体 针刺伤 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]