基于极端气温指数的高寒内流区升温特征分析  

An Analysis of the Heating up Regulation in the Endorheic Area inAlpine Region Based on the Extreme Temperature Index

作　　者：高文德 王昱[1] 李宗省 李宗杰 张百娟 桂娟 薛健 GAO Wende;WANG Yu;LI Zongxing;LI Zongjie;ZHANG Baijuan;GUI Juan;XUE Jian(School of Energy and Power Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,Gansu,China;Key laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of inland river basin,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,甘肃兰州730050 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院/内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《高原气象》2022年第3期749-761,共13页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42077187);中国科学院“西部之光”交叉团队项目-重点实验室合作研究专项;第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0405);国家“万人计划”青年拔尖人才项目。

摘　　要：基于高寒内流区26个国家气象站的日气温资料,利用线性趋势法、5年滑动平均等方法分析高寒内流区近49年升温特征,结果表明:(1)1969-2017年,高寒内流区整体暖化。平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温均呈显著上升趋势,年平均最低气温的上升趋势是年平均最高气温的1.5倍。空间上平均最高和最低气温均呈由东南向西北增加的趋势。(2)极端气温指数暖化趋势明显,生长季长度、极端气温暖指数以及一些冷指数(日最高气温的极低值)在高寒内流区北部增暖幅度较大,冰冻日数、霜冻日数在高寒内流区西南部、南部增温明显。暖指数和生长季长度自20世纪60年代以来呈上升趋势,而一些冷指数(冷昼日数和冷夜日数)、冰冻日数、霜冻日数和气温日较差的斜率多年来呈下降趋势。(3)冷指数的减小幅度大于暖指数的增大幅度,夜指数的减小幅度大于昼指数的增大幅度。(4)高寒内流区极端高温指数(日最高气温的极高值和日最高气温的极低值)受海拔影响较大;极端高温事件主要发生在低海拔区;极端气温随着大西洋副高强度增加、面积增大、脊线指数偏大,北界指数偏大,西太平洋副高位置偏东、强度加大呈增暖趋势。The meteorological date from 26 meteorological station in the endorheic area in Alpine region were analyzed by means of liner regression method,5-year moving average analysis method to get spatial and temporal variations of air temperature in the region,from 1969 to 2013.The result show that:(1)The endorheic area in Alpine region shows a warming trend from 1969 to 2017.Annual mean air temperature,mean maximum and mean minimum temperature had increased significantly,and the warming rate of minimum temperature is almost 1.5 times of that of maximum temperature.The spatial distribution of maximum temperature and minimum temperature increased from southeast to northwest.(2)The 12 extreme temperature indices showed statistically warming from 1961 to 2017.Warming indexes and GSL shows significant increasing while the some cooling indexes(TN10P、TX10P),ID,FD and DTR shows decreasing since mid-1960s.The spatial distribution of GSL,warm indices and some cold indices(TXN)increases in the north of the endorheic area in Alpine region,and the spatial distribution of FD and ID show significant increases in the south and southwest of the endorheic area in Alpine region.(3)The decrease of cooling indices was larger than the increase of warming indices,and the decrease of night indices was larger than the increase of day indices.(4)Extreme high temperature index(TXX,TXN)in the endorheic area in Alpine region is greatly affected by altitude,and the extreme temperature indices in the endorheic area in Alpine region has a warming trend,when the increased area,the high edge of regression and the increased intensity of the Atlantic subtropical high,or the increased intensity and the eastern position of the western Pacific subtropical high.

关 键 词：升温特征 极端气温指数 环流指数 高寒内流区 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]