论我国地方立法监督的困境与出路——基于备案审查制度为中心的考察  

On Dilemma and Way Out of Local Legislative Supervision in China——Study on the Basis of Filing and Review System

作　　者：韩业斌 Han Yebin

机构地区：[1]盐城师范学院法政学院

出　　处：《法学》2022年第8期28-40,共13页Law Science

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“加强对法律实施监督研究”(项目编号:20ZDA034);江苏省社科基金项目“新时代江苏优化营商环境法律实施机制研究”(项目编号:21FXB004)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国目前的地方立法监督存在缺乏专门的立法监督机构与必要的监督程序、监督标准及外部制约不足等现实困境,致使地方立法违反上位法、立法放水等情况时有出现。全国人大常委会及地方各级人大常委会对地方立法监督力度不足,法规备案审查多以沟通协调为主,制度刚性不够,不利于树立宪法、法律的权威地位和保障民众的合法权益。需要提升全国人大常委会法制工作委员会法规备案审查机构的法律地位,将其设置为专门的地方立法监督委员会,并完善相关地方立法监督程序和监督标准,同时健全地方立法权的外部制约机制,探索构建立法失职行为惩戒制度,以提升监督实效,切实提高地方立法质量,推动宪法、法律的有效实施。At present, the local legislative supervision in China is faced with practical difficulties, such as the lack of special legislative supervision institutions, necessary supervision procedures, supervision standards and insufficient external constraints, resulting in local legislation violating the superior law and letting legislation slip from time to time. The Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress and the Standing Committees of Local People’s Congresses at all levels have insufficient supervision over local legislation. The review of laws and regulations mainly focuses on communication and coordination, and the institutional rigidity is insufficient, which is not conducive to establishing the authoritative status of the Constitution and laws and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the people. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the legal status of the legal work committee of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, set it as a special local legislative supervision committee, improve the relevant local legislative supervision procedures and standards, improve the external restriction mechanism of local legislative power, and explore the construction of a punishment system for legislative dereliction of duty, so as to improve the effectiveness of supervision, effectively improve the quality of local legislation and promote the effective implementation of the Constitution and laws.

关 键 词：地方立法 立法监督 备案审查 法律实施 

分 类 号：D927[政治法律—法学]