对行政机关在行政协议中优益权的重新解读  

Reinterpretation of the Priority and Beneficial Rights of Administrative Organs in Administrative Agreements

作　　者：胡建淼[1] Hu Jianmiao

机构地区：[1]中央党校(国家行政学院)专家工作室

出　　处：《法学》2022年第8期41-51,共11页Law Science

摘　　要：行政协议作为现代政府实施行政管理的一种新型方式,以其平等、自愿、有偿、柔性的优势,已被推行到更多的管理领域。但是行政法学界对行政机关在行政协议中优益权的过度提拔和不完整、不准确的表达使行政机关产生误解,以为自己天然具有在“合同框架”以外“单方处置合同”或“处置相对人”的权力,为本已存在的政府机关签约后的“违约毁约”行为提供了“依据”和“理由”。全面、准确、合理解读行政机关在行政协议中的优益权已刻不容缓。行政机关在行政协议中不具有抽象的、普遍的、无条件的优益权。行政机关只有在有法律直接而具体授权的前提下,或者有合同具体约定的条件下才享有优益权。行政协议中的优益权只存在于法律规定和合同约定的框架之内。现代法治不允许行政机关在行政协议中以优益权对抗行政协议作为合同的本性。As a new mode of modern government administration, administrative agreement has been pushed into more fields of administration because of its advantages of equality, voluntariness, compensatory and flexibility. However, the over-emphasis and incomplete, inaccurate expression of the rights of administrative advantage in administrative agreements have led to misunderstandings from administrative executive branch, they believe that they have the natural right to“unilaterally dispose of the contract” or“dispose of the private parties” outside the“contract framework”, it provides“basis” and“reason” for the behavior of“breach of contract” after the existing government agency has signed the contract. It has become imperative to reinterpret the rights of administrative advantage in administrative agreements. The executive branch does not have an abstract, universal, unconditional right of advantage in an administrative agreement. The rights of administrative advantage is only granted under the direct and specific delegation of the law, or under the specific conditions of the contract. The preferential interests in administrative agreements only exist in the framework of legal provisions and contractual agreements. The modern rule of law does not allow administrative agency to use advantage against the nature of contract in administrative agreements.

关 键 词：行政优益权 行政协议 法律规制 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]