大直径深孔采矿法采场边孔爆破参数的优化  

Optimization of Side Hole Blasting Parameters in Stope Mined by Large-Diameter Deep Hole Mining Method

作　　者：翟利军 徐新海 王正英 郭同晓 张海云 ZHAI Lijun;XU Xinhai;WANG Zhengying;GUO Tongxiao;ZHANG Haiyun(Shandong Energy Mining Group Huibaoling Iron Mine,Lanling County,Shandong 277712,China;Changsha Institute of Mining Research Co.,Lid.,Changsha,Hunan 410012,China;National Metal Mining Engineering Technology Research Center,Changsha,Hunan 410012,China)

机构地区：[1]山东能源临矿集团会宝岭铁矿,山东兰陵县277712 [2]长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司,湖南长沙410012 [3]国家金属采矿工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410012

出　　处：《矿业研究与开发》2022年第8期24-28,共5页Mining Research and Development

摘　　要：大直径深孔采矿具有回采效率高以及回采成本低的优势,在会宝岭铁矿得到了广泛应用。但是,大直径深孔爆破存在着采场边帮控制困难、边帮矿岩垮落严重的问题,严重影响了矿山的安全开采。为了降低爆破后冲带来的边帮垮落问题,采用LS-DYNA对采场边帮炮孔的径向装药不耦合系数及孔间距对爆破作用的影响进行了模拟试验,通过对开挖区及保护区关键监测点应力、裂纹扩展形态及数目进行对比分析,发现不耦合装药系数越大边帮控制效果越好,但同时破岩效果会变差,此外,边孔间距越大,孔间脊柱越大,边帮越不平整。通过数值模拟试验,确定会宝岭边孔最优不耦合系数为1.65、最优边孔间距为2.0 m。现场试验结果表明,优化后的爆破参数能够减少超、欠挖现象,实现了边帮轮廓平整及边帮岩体的稳定。Large-diameter deep hole mining has the advantages of high mining efficiency and low cost,so it has been widely used in Huibaoling iron mine.However,there are some problems in large-diameter deep hole blasting,such as the difficulty in controlling the side slope of the stope and the serious rock collapse of the side slope,which seriously affect the safe mining of the mine.In order to reduce the side slope collapse caused by blasting impact,LS-DYNA was used to simulate the influences of radial charge decoupling coefficient and hole spacing on blasting effect of blasting holes in the side slope of the stope.Through the comparative analysis on the stress,crack propagation morphology and crack numbers of key monitoring points in the excavation area and the protection area,it is found that the larger the charge decoupling coefficient,the better the side slope control effect,and the worse the rock breaking effect.In addition,the larger the hole spacing,the larger the spine between the holes,and the more uneven the side slope.Through the numerical simulation test,it is determined that the optimal decoupling coefficient of side hole in Huibaoling iron mine is 1.65 and the optimal side hole spacing is 2.0 m.The field test results show that the optimized blasting parameters can reduce the phenomenon of over-excavation and under-excavation,and realize the flatness of the side slope contour and the stability of the side slope rock mass.

关 键 词：大直径深孔 边孔爆破 裂纹扩展 轮廓控制 爆破参数 LS-DYNA 

分 类 号：TD235.33[矿业工程—矿井建设]