风对针板电极间隙放电的影响  

Effect of Wind on the Gap Discharge of Needle-Plate Electrode

作　　者：魏隆 景所立 潘贵翔 唐昕宇 康永强 郭裕钧 WEI Long;JING Suoli;PAN Guixiang;TANG Xinyu;KANG Yongqiang;GUO Yujun(CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co.,Ltd.,Tsingtao 266031,China;School of Electrical Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 611756,China)

机构地区：[1]中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司,山东青岛266031 [2]西南交通大学电气工程学院,成都611756

出　　处：《电瓷避雷器》2022年第4期201-206,共6页Insulators and Surge Arresters

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:51907168)。

摘　　要：输电线路绝缘设备大部分处于空气环境中,由于受到自然环境中风因素的影响,其绝缘介质周边气流往往处于动态过程,因此绝缘设备处于风环境下的放电特性与处于静态环境下相比具有差异。本研究以沿面针-板电极与空气间隙针-板电极为研究对象,通过自行搭建的风洞系统以模拟大风环境,实验过程通过记录放电路径与放电电压并分析风环境对两者的影响规律与内在机理。试验发现:在有风环境下放电路径会沿着风的来流方向发生偏移与弯曲;对于沿面针-板电极,随着风速的提升其闪络电压随之增大;对于空气间隙针板电极,随着风速的提升其闪络电压先增大后减小,在风速为80 m/s时闪络电压达到最大值;这是由于风速的增加会使得放电离子被吹离放电区域,抑制放电的发生,同时风速增加也会导致气体密度下降,使得电离概率增大,增强了放电的发生;风环境导致放电离子被吹走与气体密度下降之间存在竞争关系,使得击穿电压的变化趋于平缓,在风速低于80 m/s时风将放电离子吹走,风速高于80 m/s时风影响气体密度使得间隙间气体密度减小。以上研究可为高速列车绝缘设备设计与防护提供借鉴。Most of the transmission line insulation equipment is in the air environment. Due to the influence of wind factors in the natural environment, the airflow around the insulation medium is often in a dynamic process. Therefore, the discharge characteristics of the insulation equipment in a wind environment are different from those in a static environment. The author takes the needle-plate electrode and the air-gap needle-plate electrode as the research objects, simulates the strong wind environment through the self-built wind tunnel in the laboratory, records the discharge path and discharge voltage, and analyzes the influence of the wind environment on the discharge path and discharge voltage through experiments law and internal mechanism. Test founding shows that: in a windy environment, the discharge path will shift and bend along the direction of the wind flow;for the needle-plate electrode, the wind speed increases, the flashover voltage increases, and for the air gap needle plate electrode, the breakdown voltage first rises and then decreases, and the peak value is reached when the wind speed is 80 m/s;because the increase of wind speed will blow the discharge ions away from the discharge area and inhibit the occurrence of discharge. At the same time, the increase of wind speed will also lead to the decrease of gas density, increase the ionization probability and enhance the occurrence of discharge;There is a competitive relationship between the blowing away of discharge ions caused by wind environment and the decline of gas density, which makes the change of breakdown voltage tend to be flat. When the wind speed is less than 80 m/s, the wind causes the discharge ions to be blown away. When the wind speed is higher than 80 m/s, the wind affects the gas density and reduces the gas density between the gaps. The above research can provide reference for the design and protection of high-speed train insulation equipment.

关 键 词：风环境 针板电极 放电电压 放电路径 气体密度 

分 类 号：U223[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] U270.38[机械工程—车辆工程]