稀有植物球果假沙晶兰的生物学特征  

Biological Characteristics of Rare Plant Monotropastrum humile

作　　者：阮淑明[1] 何国生[1] Ruan Shuming;He Guosheng(Department of Forestry,Fujan Forestry Vocarional&Technical College,Nanping,353000)

机构地区：[1]福建林业职业技术学院林学系,南平353000

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2022年第14期4793-4799,共7页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：福建省林业科技项目(闽林科便函[2020]29号)资助。

摘　　要：球果假沙晶兰(Monotropastrum humile)是罕见稀有腐生植物。为补充完善球果假沙晶兰的生物学特征资料,观察了球果假沙晶兰的开花物候期,并在体视显微镜和扫描电镜下观察了球果假沙晶兰茎、叶、花和花粉的形态特征。结果表明,4月7日,球果假沙晶兰进入开花期,4月10日盛花期开始,5月1日花苞已变软下垂;植株无叶绿素,极易褐化,花有离生花瓣3~5片,呈覆瓦状排列;雄蕊7~12枚,花药4药室,横裂,花粉扁球形,3或4萌发孔;柱头肉质漏斗状,表面有细小疣,子房光滑,侧膜胎座,多胚珠,白色。球果假沙晶兰在假水晶兰属内为较进化的类群。经染色法测定花粉生活力为(83.98±4.49)%。本研究可为球果假沙晶兰的育种和产品开发提供基础。Monotropastrum humile is a rare saprophytic plant.To supplement biological characteristics data of Monotropastrum humile,the flowering phenology of Monotropastrum humile was observed,the morphological characters of stem,leaf,flower and pollen were observed under stereography and scanning electron microscopy.The results showed on April 7,the Monotropastrum humile enters the flowering stage,the full flowering period began on April 10,and the flower bud became soft and drooping on May 1,that Monotropastrum humile has no chlorophyll and browns easily,the flower had 3~5 separated petals,arranged in a tiled manner.Stamens were 7~12and anther had 4 chambers,transversely split,oblate pollen,3 or 4 germinating holes;stigma was funnel-shaped with small warts on the surface,smooth ovary,lateral membranous placenta,multiple ovules,white.Monotropastrum humile belongs to a relatively evolved group in the genus.The pollen viability was(83.98±4.49)%determined by staining,this study can provide a basis for the breeding and product development of Monotropastrum humile.

关 键 词：球果假沙晶兰(Monotropastrum humile) 形态 进化 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]