全面抗战时期出国留学生群体特征之转变——基于战时留学生数据库的比较分析  

The Nationalist Government’s Policy Change on Studying Overseas:A Database Analysis of Overseas Students during the Total Resistance against Japanese Aggression

作　　者：杨莉 YANG Li(History of Science and Technology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学科学史与科学文化研究院,上海200240

出　　处：《华侨华人历史研究》2022年第3期71-83,共13页Journal of Overseas Chinese History Studies

基　　金：香港科研资助局项目“中国教育精英的社会及地理来源研究(1865—2014)”(16602117)之阶段性成果。

摘　　要：论文在“战时留学生数据库”资料基础上,利用量化史学的方法,探讨全面抗战时期出国留学生在1943年前后两个不同阶段的群体特征差异。研究显示,全面抗战时期,国民政府派遣出国的留学生,受政策、资助变化等影响,呈现出前后两个阶段截然不同的群体特色。以1943年政府开放留学为界,前期政策以限制为主,公费生多获资于庚款与国外机构,留学生表现出集中于江浙粤闽的商政家庭或毕业于教会大学等特征;后期政府实际控制各种遣派方式,无论公费自费均由教育部统一考选,留洋生多来自文化资本占优势的江浙地区、教师教授家庭或一流国立大学。政府对留学教育的控制趋紧,也使留学生在所习学科、留学去向、研习时长等方面得以按国家需求统筹规划,开启政府全面管控留学教育的新局面。Drawn on a quantitative analysis,this paper discusses on dynamic changes among overseas Chinese students during the Anti-Japanese War.Prior to 1943,they mainly originated from political and business elite families in Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Guangdong and Fujian Provinces,or had graduated from missionary schools.Going overseas to study was strictly regulated by the Nationalist Government,and most public-funded Chinese students were financed by the Boxer Indemnity and foreign institutions.From 1943 the Nationalist Government took full control of both public-funded and private-funded students.They were required to attend examinations set by the Ministry of Education.In addition,their choices of destination country,subjects,and duration of studying had to be accordant with Chinese national interests and needs.As a result,two culturally advanced provinces Jiangsu and Zhejiang generated the bulk of overseas Chinese students,who by and large graduated from top-tier national universities,and whose parents were university professors or other teaching professionals.

关 键 词：全面抗战时期 留学政策 留学生 

分 类 号：G648.9[文化科学—高等教育学]