实验性肺结核病变类型与特点  

Pathological types and characteristics of experimental pulmonary tuberculosis

作　　者：包容[1] 高建峰[1] 饶艳[1] Bao Rong;Gao Jianfeng;Rao Yan(The Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学动物实验中心/ABSL-3实验室,武汉430072

出　　处：《中国防痨杂志》2022年第9期898-905,共8页Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划重点专项(2021YFF0702002);武汉大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金科研项目(2042018kf0021);武汉大学医学部教学研究项目(2020078,Aeras全球结核疫苗基金项目)。

摘　　要：实验性肺结核不同于临床肺结核,其病变有自身特点。各种实验动物的肺结核动物模型病变多种多样。由于实验动物种类、品系、毒株、感染剂量、感染途径的差异,病变存在较大差异,相关研究结果也不一致。本文介绍了实验性肺结核的动物模型、发生发展、病变类型、病变程度的评分,以及抗结核药物与疫苗的有效性评价,特别是结核分枝杆菌感染后极早期的血管周围炎、细/小支气管周围炎;还总结了多种实验动物的肺结核病理特点,包括小鼠、豚鼠、羊、非人灵长类等动物;并针对结核病理改变与特点提出了新的分类方法,该分类不仅包括间质纤维化、结核性肺炎、空洞与钙化、结节、坏死,还包括脓肿、肺气肿、肺充血等,同时间质性肺炎(肺间质纤维化)也被纳入肺结核的损伤类型。Experimental pulmonary tuberculosis is different from clinical pulmonary tuberculosis and its pathological changes have its own characteristics.Pathology tuberculosis from animal models are varied.The differences in laboratory animal species and strain,tuberculosis strain,infection dose and challenge route result in great differences in pathology,and the related research results are inconsistent.This article summarizes experimental pulmonary tuberculosis,including animal model,its occurrence and development,lesion type,scoring of tuberculosis lesion and effectiveness evaluation of anti-tuberculosis drugs and vaccines,especially the perivasculitis/periangitis and peribronchiolitis in very early stage after tuberculosis infection.The pathological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in multiple experimental animals are illustrated,such as mice,guinea pigs,goats and non-human primates.A new classification method is proposed in this article according to the characteristics of the subsequent pathological lesion after tuberculosis infection and these types consist of not only nodules,necrosis,tuberculous pneumonia,cavities and calcification/mineralization,but also lung abscess,emphysema,lung congestion,etc.Interstitial pneumonia(interstitial fibrosis)are also included as the lesion types of experimental pulmonary tuberculosis.

关 键 词：结核 肺 动物 实验 分类法 病理过程 模型 动物 

分 类 号：R521[医药卫生—内科学] R365[医药卫生—临床医学]