干细胞对视网膜神经节细胞再生的保护作用  

Protective effect of stem cells on retinal ganglion cell regeneration

作　　者：张春丽 刘景晨 周文杰 俞永珍 汤翠翠 邹秀兰 邹玉平 Zhang Chunli;Liu Jingchen;Zhou Wenjie;Yu Yongzhen;Tang Cuicui;Zou Xiulan;Zou Yuping(Department of Ophthalmology,General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command,Guangzhou 510010,Guangdong Province,China;Department of Ophthalmology,Jiangxi Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Nanchang 330003,Jiangxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军南部战区总医院眼科,广东省广州市510010 [2]江西省中西医结合医院,江西中医药大学第四附属医院眼科,江西省南昌市330003

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2023年第10期1593-1602,共10页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：广东省医学科研基金(A2021377),项目负责人:张春丽;广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2019A1515011732),项目负责人:邹玉平;广州市科技计划项目(202002030413),项目负责人:邹玉平。

摘　　要：背景:视网膜神经节细胞的损害是不可逆性视力丧失的重要原因,干细胞在此类疾病的治疗研究中显示出巨大的潜力,但关于干细胞与眼部组织关系、发挥视神经保护机制的综合性描述较少。目的:从干细胞来源及其对视网膜神经节细胞功能维持的作用出发,阐述干细胞在视网膜神经节细胞保护和再生研究中的作用与进展。方法:以“干细胞、视网膜前体细胞、视网膜祖细胞、转分化”与“视网膜神经节细胞、视网膜退行、视网膜变性”为中文关键词在万方和中国知网数据库中进行检索,以“stem cell,retinal precursor cell,retinal progenitor cell,trans differentiation”与“retinal ganglion cell,RGC,retinal degeneration”为英文关键词,分别在PubMed数据库中搜索,最终按入组标准纳入文献102篇进行综述分析。结果与结论:(1)哺乳动物眼内存在着视网膜干细胞和视网膜祖细胞,但其数量稀少、分化潜能受到限制,导致眼内视网膜神经节细胞的再生能力低下。(2)体外培养显示眼内组织中有多种细胞能直接分化为视网膜神经节细胞、另外部分细胞具有重编程为视网膜干细胞的潜能,寻找促进这些细胞增殖、分化及重编程的条件可极大地促进视网膜神经节细胞的眼内再生。(3)由于目前技术的限制,眼外干细胞的视网膜神经节细胞再生需经体外培养、诱导分化及手术再植入眼内等多个过程,步骤繁琐,但由于眼外干细胞的来源广泛、细胞数量众多,仍是视网膜神经节细胞再生研究的重点。(4)干细胞可提高受损视网膜神经节细胞的存活率并维持细胞的功能,通过表达神经营养因子、降低炎症反应、改善缺血、促进其他细胞重编程为视网膜干细胞等机制是干细胞发挥视神经保护作用的基础。(5)在干细胞为基础的视网膜神经节细胞再生研究中,存在着肿瘤形成的风险、移植细胞缺乏附着且整合到宿BACKGROUND:Damage to retinal ganglion cells is an important cause of irreversible vision loss,and stem cells have shown a great potential in therapeutic research for the treatment of such diseases,but there are fewer comprehensive descriptions of the relationship between stem cells and ocular tissues and the mechanisms of optic nerve protection.OBJECTIVE:To describe the progress of stem cell research in retinal ganglion cell protection and regeneration from the source of stem cells and their role in the maintaining of retinal ganglion cell function.METHODS:“Stem cells,retinal precursor cells,retinal progenitor cells,transdifferentiation” and “retinal ganglion cells,retinal degeneration” were used as Chinese keywords to search in the Wanfang database and CNKI database.“Stem cell,retinal precursor cell,retinal progenitor cell,trans differentiation” and “retinal ganglion cell,RGC,retinal degeneration” were used as English keywords to search in the PubMed database.Finally,102 articles were included for analysis according to the inclusion criteria.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Retinal stem cells and retinal progenitor cells are present in the mammalian eye,but their scarcity and restricted differentiation potential result in a low regenerative capacity of retinal ganglion cells in the eye.(2) In vitro cultures have shown that many cells in intraocular tissues can differentiate directly into retinal ganglion cells and some have the potential to reprogram into retinal stem cells.Finding conditions that promote the proliferation,differentiation,and reprogramming of these cells could greatly facilitate the intraocular regeneration of retinal ganglion cells.(3) Due to the limitations of current technology,the regeneration of retinal ganglion cells from extraocular stem cells requires multiple processes such as ex vivo culture,induction of differentiation,and surgical reimplantation into the eye.Although the steps are tedious,extraocular stem cells are still the focus of research on retinal ganglion cell regene

关 键 词：干细胞 视网膜祖细胞 视神经 视网膜神经节细胞 分化 玻璃体腔注射 视神经再生 视神经保护 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R394.2[医药卫生—临床医学] R542.2