心肌梗死后心脏修复中细胞外囊泡的应用及作用  

Application and effect of extracellular vesicles in cardiac repair after myocardial infarction

作　　者：岳霏霏 宋煜[1] 王晓蓓 王琳[1,2] Yue Feifei;Song Yu;Wang Xiaobei;Wang Lin(Research Center of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine,Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430022,Hubei Province,China;Department of Laboratory Medicine,Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430022,Hubei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院组织工程与再生医学研究中心,湖北省武汉市430022 [2]华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院检验科,湖北省武汉市430022

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2023年第10期1610-1617,共8页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

摘　　要：背景:随着研究的进展,越来越多的证据表明间充质干细胞主要通过旁分泌机制来发挥治疗作用,细胞外囊泡是细胞的重要旁分泌成分,其在心血管领域引起了众多科研人员的关注。目的:综述细胞外囊泡治疗心肌梗死相关研究的进展,分析细胞外囊泡的临床应用前景。方法:应用计算机检索中国知网和Pub Med数据库收录的相关文献。中文检索词为“细胞外囊泡,心肌梗死,心脏修复”,英文检索词为“extracellular vesicles,mesenchymal stem cell,embryonic stem cell,induced pluripotent stem cell,cardiomyocyte,target,myocardial infarction,cardiac repair”。检索文献时限为2016-2021年,最终纳入70篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:(1)目前,已有不少研究成功地使用细胞外囊泡治疗心肌梗死并获得了可观的疗效,例如间充质干细胞来源细胞外囊泡和某些分化成熟的细胞来源细胞外囊泡都能通过抑制缺氧心肌细胞凋亡、促进梗死边缘区血管生成、抑制炎症发生发展或减少心肌纤维化的方式来帮助梗死心肌恢复正常生理结构和功能。(2)已经明确细胞外囊泡携带的一些内容物在心肌梗死治疗中的作用机制,其中有不少mi RNA在促进心肌修复的一些关键信号通路中发挥了重要作用,例如mi R-21,mi R-486-5p,mi R-144等。因此,更多的研究不再局限于使用天然来源的细胞外囊泡,而是进一步在细胞外囊泡中装载具有治疗效果的药物或对细胞外囊泡的膜成分进行修饰,从而提升它的心肌靶向能力及修复潜力。BACKGROUND:As the research progresses,the increasing evidence has shown that mesenchymal stem cells mainly exert their therapeutic effects through paracrine mechanisms,and extracellular vesicles are an important paracrine component of cells.Therefore,extracellular vesicles have attracted considerable interest,especially in the cardiovascular field.OBJECTIVE:To review the progress in the treatment of myocardial infarction with extracellular vesicles and explore the clinical application prospects of extracellular vesicles.METHODS:The relevant articles were searched from CNKI and Pub Med databases by computer.The search terms were “extracellular vesicles,myocardial infarction,cardiac repair” in Chinese and “extracellular vesicles,mesenchymal stem cell,embryonic stem cell,induced pluripotent stem cell,cardiomyocyte,target,myocardial infarction,cardiac repair” in English.The time was limited from 2016 to 2021.Finally,70 articles were included for this review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) At present,many studies have successfully used extracellular vesicles to treat myocardial infarction and obtained considerable efficacy.Stem cells,such as mesenchymal stem cells,and some differentiated cell-derived extracellular vesicles can help the infarcted heart maintain normal physiological structure and function by inhibiting apoptosis of hypoxic cardiomyocytes,promoting angiogenesis in the infarct border zone,inhibiting the inflammation or reducing the fibrosis.(2) The mechanism of some cargoes carried by extracellular vesicles for the repair of myocardial infarction has been clarified,of which many microribonucleic acids play important roles in some pivotal cardiac repair signaling pathways,such as mi R-21,mi R-486-5 p,and mi R-144.Therefore,more studies are no longer limited to the application of naturally derived extracellular vesicles,but further load therapeutic drugs in extracellular vesicles or modify the membrane components of extracellular vesicles,thereby improving their myocardium targeting ability and cardiac r

关 键 词：微小核糖核酸 细胞外囊泡 心肌梗死 心肌修复 综述 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R318.5[医药卫生—临床医学] R542.22