论紧急救助责任豁免范围的界定  

Research on the Restriction of the Exemption Scope of Emergency Relief Liability

作　　者：万君仪 Wan Junyi(School of Law,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《中南财经政法大学研究生论丛》2022年第4期127-134,共8页Journal of the Postgraduates of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law

摘　　要：《民法典》第一百八十四条所规定的紧急救助制度因其删除草案中关于救助人因重大过失致人损害的例外规定而备受讨论。该条确定重大过失免责制度有充分的现实意义,但为了平衡救助人与受助人利益格局,紧急救助条款豁免责任的范围应受到限制。从紧急救助免责的构成要件出发,着重就“紧急”一词对该条适用范围进行限制,仅指急迫情况且无法或无须征求受助人意见的情况,进而考察救助人的主观免责条件。针对“自愿”扩大解释,并对立法原意加以考察,故意致受助人损害的救助人应承担民事责任,若是重大过失致受助人损害,根据该条文免除责任。The emergency rescue system stipulated in Article 184 of the Civil Code has been discussed because of its deletion of the exception in the draft on personal injury caused by the rescuer due to gross negligence.Although Article 184 determines that the gross negligence exemption system has full practical significance,the scope of exemption from the emergency rescue clause should be limited in order to balance the interests of the rescuer and the beneficiary.Starting from the constituent elements of emergency rescue exemption,the article focuses on limiting the scope of application of this article to the word"emergency",which only refers to urgent situations and situations where it is impossible or unnecessary to seek the opinion of the recipient,and then examines the rescuer's subjective exemption conditions.By expanding the interpretation of<lvoluntary",the rescuer should bear the civil liability if he intentionally causes damage to the recipient.

关 键 词：紧急救助 紧急状态 免责条件 故意 重大过失 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]