北京市海淀区35岁及以上体检人群膳食模式与高血压患病风险的关联性分析  

Relationship between dietary pattern and risk of suffering from hypertension in physical examinees aged 35 years and above in Haidian District of Beijing

作　　者：仝桂霞 高鑫 许如意[1] 秦扬 黄璐 王秀梅 宋文娟[1] TONG Gui-xia;GAO Xin;XU Ru-yi;QIN Yang;HUANG Lu;WANG Xiu-mei;SONG Wen-juan(The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100039,China;The Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100048,China;Yuyuantan Community Health Service Center of Haidian District,Beijing 100036,China)

机构地区：[1]解放军总医院第二医学中心,北京100039 [2]解放军总医院第六医学中心,北京100048 [3]北京市海淀区玉渊潭社区卫生服务中心,北京100036

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2022年第8期906-911,共6页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：军委后勤保障部卫生局科研项目(19BJZ38)。

摘　　要：目的 了解北京市海淀区35岁及以上体检人群膳食模式的特点,并探讨不同的膳食模式与高血压患病风险之间的关系,为高血压患者制定科学合理的膳食方案提供参考。方法 于2021年6—11月,对在解放军总医院第六医学中心进行体检的612名35~80岁的北京市海淀区常住居民进行食物摄入频率问卷调查。利用因子分析建立膳食模式,并根据因子得分将每种膳食模式由低到高划分为T1(低分位)、T2(中分位)和T3(高分位),采用Logistic回归模型分析不同膳食模式得分水平与高血压患病风险的关系。结果 612名调查对象中,共检出高血压患者187名,患病率30.56%。分析结果显示,北京市海淀区中35岁及以上体检人群的4种主要膳食模式分别为传统膳食模式、畜肉及鱼虾模式、果蔬奶类模式和加工腌制食品模式。Logistic回归模型结果显示,畜肉及鱼虾模式得分为T2和T3水平者高血压患病风险分别是得分为T1水平者的1.751倍(OR=1.751,95%CI:1.050~2.920)和1.923倍(OR=1.923,95%CI:1.128~3.278);加工腌制食品模式得分为T2和T3水平者高血压患病风险分别是得分为T1水平者的2.081倍(OR=2.081,95%CI:1.248~3.471)和1.956倍(OR=1.956,95%CI:1.148~3.334);果蔬奶类模式得分为T2和T3水平者,高血压患病风险是得分为T1水平者的0.542倍(OR=0.542,95%CI:0.337~0.873)和0.139倍(OR=0.139,95%CI:0.077~0.250)。结论 不同膳食模式与高血压患病风险有关。畜肉及鱼虾膳食模式和加工腌制食品膳食模式是高血压的危险因素,而果蔬奶类膳食模式是高血压保护因素。Objective To investigate the characteristics of dietary patterns in physical examinees aged 35 years and above in Haidian District of Beijing, and to explore the association between different dietary patterns and risk of suffering from hypertension so as to provide references for developing scientific and reasonable dietary patterns for hypertension patients. Methods From June to November 2021, 612 permanent residents aged 35-80 years in Haidian District of Beijing, who underwent physical examination in the Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, were investigated by a food intake frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were extracted with factor analysis, and each dietary pattern was divided from low to high into T1(low quantile), T2(middle quantile) and T3(high quantile) based on the factor score. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between score levels of different dietary patterns and risk of suffering from hypertension. Results The prevalence rate of hypertension in the participants was 30.56%(187/612). Four patterns, including traditional dietary patterns, animal meat, fish and shrimp patterns, fruit, vegetable and milk patterns, and processed or preserved food patterns, were identified with factor analysis in the 612 physical examinees aged 35 years and above in Haidian District of Beijing. The results of logistic regression analysis displayed that participants with T2 and T3 scores in animal meat, fish and shrimp patterns had higherrisks of hypertension compared with those with T1, and the odds ratio(OR) was 1.751(95%CI:1.050-2.920) and 1.923(95%CI:1.128-3.278), respectively. Participants with T2 and T3 scores in processed or preserved food patterns had higher risksof hypertension compared with those with T1, and theORwas 2.081(95%CI:1.248-3.471) and 1.956(95%CI:1.148-3.334),respectively. Participants with T2 and T3 scores in fruit, vegetable and milk patterns had lower risks of hypertension compared withthose with T1, and theORwas 0.542(95%CI:0.337-0.873), and 0.

关 键 词：高血压 膳食模式 患病风险 

分 类 号：R544.1[医药卫生—心血管疾病]