祁连山区4种高寒植被类型下土壤养分及含水率分布  

Soil Moisture Content and Nutrient Distribution Under Four Alpine Vegetation Types in Qilian Mountains

作　　者：安克俭 魏霞[1] 贺燕 路志强 An Kejian;Wei Xia;He Yan;Lu Zhiqiang(College of Earth Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学资源环境学院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2022年第3期16-22,共7页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“黄河上游复杂水资源弹性系统多重风险共振评估研究”(51679115);兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室开放基金;兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金(lzujbky-2018-kb01)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究祁连山区土壤养分及含水率分布特征,为祁连山区水土保持和生态植被恢复提供参考。[方法]以高寒草甸、高山灌丛、温性草原、温性荒漠4种高寒植被类型土壤为研究对象,采用野外调查、室内试验及数理统计相结合的方法,研究了4种植被类型下不同土层深度和4种坡向下土壤有机质(SOM)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、含水率(SMC)分布特征,及其与年平均气温、年累积降雨量之间的相关性。[结果](1)研究区SOM含量范围为1.85~190.31 mg/g,TN含量为0.07~7.99 mg/g,TP含量为0.24~1.81 mg/g,SMC为0.79%~73.21%。(2)土壤SOM,TN,TP,SMC含量差异主要受植被类型影响,不同植被类型土壤SOM,SMC含量大小顺序均为:高寒草甸>高山灌丛>温性草原>温性荒漠;TN含量:高山灌丛>高寒草甸>温性草原>温性荒漠;TP含量:温性草原>高寒草甸>高山灌丛>温性荒漠。在4种坡向中,TP含量在半阴坡最高,阳坡最低,SOM,TN,SMC含量在半阳坡最高。(3)SOM,TN,TP,SMC与年累积降雨量极显著正相关(p<0.01),SOM,SMC与年平均气温均为极显著负相关(p<0.01),TN含量与年平均气温显著负相关(p<0.05)。[结论]祁连山区水土保持和生态植被恢复措施的布设可优先考虑在半阳坡、高寒草甸和高山灌丛区域,因地制宜地促进生态系统物质良性循环。[Objective] The distribution characteristics of soil nutrients and soil moisture content(SMC) in the Qilian Mountains were explored in order to provide references for soil and water conservation and ecological vegetation restoration in this area.[Methods] Four alpine vegetation types(alpine meadow,alpine shrub,temperate steppe,and temperate desert) were studied.The distribution characteristics of soil organic matter(SOM),total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),and SMC at different soil depths and four slope directions under the four vegetation types were analyzed through field investigation,laboratory experiments,and mathematical statistics,and their correlations with air temperature and annual cumulative rainfall were analyzed.[Results](1) SOM in the study area was 1.85~190.31 mg/g;TN was 0.07~7.99 mg/g;TP was 0.24~1.81 mg/g;and SMC was 0.79%~3.21%.(2) The differences in SOM,TN,TP,and SMC content were mainly affected by differences in vegetation types.Soil moisture content of different vegetation types followed the order of alpine meadow > alpine shrub > temperate grassland > temperate desert.TN followed the order of alpine shrub > alpine meadow > temperate grassland > temperate desert.TP contents followed the order of temperate grassland > alpine meadow > alpine shrub > temperate desert.Regarding the four slope directions,TP content was the highest on the semi-shady slope and the lowest on the sunny slope.The contents of SOM,TN,and SMC were the highest on the semi-sunny slope.(3) SOM,TN,TP,and SMC were significantly positively correlated with annual cumulative rainfall(p<0.01).SOM and SMC were significantly negatively correlated with annual average temperature(p<0.01).TN was significantly negatively correlated with annual average temperature(p<0.05).[Conclusion] The implementation of soil and water conservation and ecological vegetation restoration measures in the Qilian Mountains can be considered for semi-sunny slope,alpine meadow areas.For alpine shrub and meadow areas,the beneficial cycle of ecosystem mater

关 键 词：祁连山区 高寒植被 土壤养分 土壤含水率 坡向 

分 类 号：S714.5[农业科学—林学]