径流季节变化对清水河河道生态环境需水量的影响  

Effects of Seasonal Runoff Change on Eco-environmental Water Demand of Qingshui River Channel

作　　者：李薛锋 尹娟[2] 邱小琮[3] Li Xuefeng;Yin Juan;Qiu Xiaocong(Yanchi Water Bureau of Wuzhong City,Yanchi,Ningxia 751500,China;School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China;School of Life Science,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏吴忠市盐池县水务局,宁夏盐池751500 [2]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,宁夏银川750021 [3]宁夏大学生命科学学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2022年第3期23-28,35,共7页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：宁夏高等学校一流学科建设(水利工程)项目“黄河流域宁夏段水生态演化机理及人工干预机制研究”(NXYLXK2021A03)。

摘　　要：[目的]估算清水河河道生态环境需水量,为保证清水河发挥其正常生态功能以及流域内水资源的合理配置提供依据。[方法]通过对清水河流域用水情况实地调查,在分析整理多年水文统计资料的基础上,考虑生态用水安全,根据清水河径流随降水时间的季节性变化特点以及流域多年水文变化特征,在空间上选取清水河干流的不同断面计算河道生态环境需水量。针对需要满足河流不同生态功能要求,分别采用Tennant法、面积定额法,90%保证率最枯月水量法等方法计算河道基础生态需水量、蒸发需水量、输沙需水量以及水体自净需水量。[结果]清水河河道生态环境需水量包括基础生态需水量、蒸发需水量、输沙需水量及水体自净需水量,年需水总量上游段为6.29×10^(6) m^(3),中游段为6.57×10^(7) m^(3),下游段为1.65×10^(8) m^(3)。[结论]清水河河道生态环境需水量与泥沙含量和水质有直接关系。泥沙含量高是清水河河道生态环境需水量高的最主要因素。[Objective] Estimation of the eco-environmental water demand of the Qingshui River channel was carried out in order to provide a basis for ensuring normal ecological functioning and rational allocation of water resources in the basin.[Methods] The eco-environmental water demand of different sections of the main stream of the Qingshui River channel was calculated based on water consumption and an analysis of multi-year hydrological statistics.The seasonal variation characteristics of runoff along with precipitation time and the multi-year hydrological characteristics were considered in the context of ecological water security.With respect to the requirements of different ecological functions of rivers,the Tennant method,area quota method and 90% guarantee rate minimum monthly water demand method were used to calculate the basic ecological water demand,evaporation water demand,sediment transport water demand,and water self-purification water demand.[Results] The eco-environmental water demand of the Qingshui River channel included basic ecological water demand,evaporation water demand,sediment transport water demand,and self-purification water demand.The total annual water demand was 6.29×10^(6) m^(3) for the upper reaches of the river,6.57×10^(7) m^(3) for the middle reaches,and 1.65×10^(8) m^(3) for the lower reaches.[Conclusion] The eco-environmental water demand of the Qingshui River channel was directly related to sediment content and water quality,and high sediment content was the main factor for the high eco-environmental water demand of Qingshui River channel.

关 键 词：径流 季节变化 河道 生态环境需水量 生态功能 

分 类 号：Q147[生物学—生态学] X143[生物学—普通生物学]