甘肃省淤地坝水资源的利用潜力  

Utilization Potential of Water Resources in Check Dams in Gansu Province

作　　者：吴晓 靳峰[2] 张富[3] 马瑞[3] 王玲莉 沈宏涛 Wu Xiao;Jin Feng;Zhang Fu;Ma Rui;Wang Linli;Shen Hongtao(Lanzhou Hydrology Station,Gansu Province,Lanzhou,Gansu 730000,China;Gansu Provincial Department of Water Resources,Lanzhou,Gansu,730000,China;College of Forestry,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;Gansu Zhonghe Yu Ecological environment Consulting Center,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;Huanxian Water Conservancy Bureau,Huanxian,Gansu 745700,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省兰州水文站,甘肃兰州730000 [2]甘肃省水利厅,甘肃兰州730000 [3]甘肃农业大学林学院,甘肃兰州730070 [4]甘肃中和育生态环境咨询中心,甘肃兰州730030 [5]环县水保局,甘肃环县745700

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2022年第3期29-35,共7页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：甘肃省水利科技项目“甘肃省淤地坝开发利用对策研究”“甘肃省淤地坝水沙利用与风险管控研究”(甘水建管发[2021]71号)。

摘　　要：[目的]分析淤地坝拦泥蓄水及其水资源利用潜力,为淤地坝水资源利用及管理提供依据。[方法]本文通过调查法对甘肃省多沙粗沙区淤地坝建设现状、拦沙数量及空间分布、水资源利用效益和利用潜力进行分析。[结果]截至2019年底甘肃省共建成淤地坝1 600座,其中大、中、小型坝各为559,452,589座;坝控面积4 101 km^(2),总库容4.82×10^(8) m^(3),其中设计拦泥库容2.29×10^(8) m^(3)。目前拦泥库容1.43×10^(8) m^(3),占设计拦泥库容的62.37%;拦泥库容中,大、中、小型坝各占80.86%,13.21%和5.93%;泾河流域、黄河干流、渭河流域、洮河流域各占71.46%,13.91%,12.72%,1.91%。由于流域产沙量减少,大型坝平均淤积17 a后(平均设计淤积年限15 a)剩余拦泥库容占设计拦泥库容的43.88%;中型坝平均淤积后(平均设计淤积年限10 a)剩余拦泥库容占设计拦泥库容的38.81%。全省淤地坝剩余拦泥库容8.62×10^(7) m^(3),可作为今后蓄水利用的潜在库容。目前,淤地坝蓄水主要用于应急抗旱、农业及果园高效节水灌溉、土地多种经营及经济综合开发、畜禽养殖、淤地坝田园综合开发利用等。庆阳、平凉、天水和定西市安定区今后可开发用于人饮备用水源地、提灌补灌工程水源地、水体养殖(鱼塘)的淤地坝数量共147座。[结论]为满足当地乡村振兴与高质量发展对淤地坝的社会需求,对有蓄水用水需求的区域,应提高新建坝的设计标准,建设可长期蓄水的高标准淤地坝;对已建成的大中型淤地坝进行提质改造,保证淤地坝坝体、防洪及水资源利用的安全性,同时建立淤地坝风险管控预警机制,有效化解缺水地区淤地坝蓄水用水与防汛管理的矛盾。[Objective] The potential of check dams to retain silt and utilize water resources were analyzed in order to provide a basis for water resource utilization and management of check dams.[Methods] The current construction status,the quantity and spatial distribution of sediment retention,the utilization benefit,and the potential of water resources for check dams in sandy and coarse sand areas of Gansu Province were analyzed by investigation.[Results] By the end of 2019,1 600 check dams had been built in Gansu Province,including 559 large dams,452 medium dams,and 589 small dams.These dams controlled an area of 4 101 km^(2),with a total capacity of 481.95 million m^(3),of which the designed siltation capacity was 229.08 million m^(3).The current soil interception capacity of these dams was 142.87 million m^(3),accounting for 62.37% of the designed interception capacity.The interception amounts of large,medium,and small dams accounted for 80.86%,13.21% and 5.93%,respectively,of the total interception by check dams.The Jinghe River basin,the main channel of the Yellow River,the Liujiaxia Reservoir area,the Weihe River basin,and the Taohe River basin accounted for 71.46%,13.91%,12.72%,1.91%,respectively of the total interception.Due to a decrease in the soil erosion modulus,the actual mean interception capacity of large dams accounted for 43.88% of their designed capacity after 17 years of siltation(the average designed siltation period was 15 years).The actual mean interception capacity of medium-sized dams accounted for 38.81% of their designed capacity after 13 years of siltation(the average designed siltation period was 10 years).The remaining storage capacity of the check dams in Gansu Province was 86.21 million m^(3) that can be used to store water for utilization.Currently,water in check dams is mainly used for drought emergencies,efficient water-saving irrigation of farmland and orchards,diversified land management,comprehensive economic development,livestock and poultry breeding,and comprehensive development an

关 键 词：甘肃省 淤地坝 水资源 开发利用 多沙粗沙区 

分 类 号：TV211.1[水利工程—水文学及水资源]