我国医疗污水处理实践经验的循证评价  

Evaluation of practical experience with medical sewage treatment in medical institutions in China

作　　者：曹家宁 吕荣耀 张春花[1] 刘倩 毛宝宏[1] 王燕侠[1] 周艳芝[1] 邓晓辉[1] 田金徽[3] 薛景仁 闫宣辰 杨克虎[3] 仇杰[1] CAO Jianing;LV Rongyao;ZHANG Chunhua;LIU Qian;MAO Baohong;WANG Yanxia;ZHOU Yanzhi;DENG Xiaohui;TIAN Jinhui;XUE Jingren;YAN Xuanchen;YANG Kehu;QIU Jie(Institute of Clinical Medicine,Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child-Care Hospita,Lanzhou 730050,P.R.China;School of Public Health,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 73000,P.R.China;Evidence-Based Medicine Center,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 73000,P.R.China;Gansu Provincial HealthCommission,Lanzhou 73000,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省妇幼保健院,兰州730050 [2]兰州大学公共卫生学院,兰州730000 [3]兰州大学循证医学中心,兰州73000 [4]甘肃省卫生健康委员会,兰州730000

出　　处：《中国循证医学杂志》2022年第8期932-947,共16页Chinese Journal of Evidence-based Medicine

基　　金：兰州市科技局项目(编号:2020-XG-9、2020-XG-12、2020-XG-16);甘肃省卫生健康行业科研计划项目(编号:GSWSKY2021-046)。

摘　　要：目的循证评价我国医疗污水处理的流程和实践经验。方法计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、EBSCO、WanFang Data和CNKI数据库,搜集我国医疗污水处理工艺、流程与规范相关的中、英文文献,检索时限均从建库至2021年8月31日。将文献质量按循证科学的原理和方法进行分类、分级与统计,并进行描述性分析。结果2003年SARS疫情后,我国开始系统建立与规范医疗污水处理与排放的技术体系,同时构建“医院-医院污水处理-城市污水处理厂”的医疗污水疫情传播三级防护体系,确保从源头把关规范医疗污水的处理与排放,保障人民生命健康与安全。经过多年发展,我国医疗污水处理技术取得长足进步,相应排放标准与技术规范也日益严格。目前,我国医疗污水处理以机械法与生物法为主,消毒主要采用氯及其化合物、臭氧和紫外线。结论新冠疫情对我国各级医疗污水处理与排放质量提出更高的要求,各级医疗机构应重视医疗污水处理与排放的管理和日常工作,规范各类污染物收集分类与污水处理消毒的流程,对老旧设施设备进行替换更新,加强人员培训,切实保障医疗污水处理与排放质量。Objective To evaluate the evidence of the experience with medical sewage treatment procedures in medical institutions in China.Methods Databases including CNKI,WanFang Data,PubMed,Web of Science,and EBSCO were electronically searched to collect studies on the medical sewage treatment process,flow,and specifications in medical institutions in China.We used the quality evaluation system to classify and grade the experiences based on the principles and methods of evidence-based science and performed a descriptive analysis.Results After the SARS pandemic in 2003,China systematically established and standardized the technical criteria of medical sewage treatment and discharge.Moreover,a prevention system for the epidemic using medical sewage was constructed,which guaranteed that the quality of medical sewage treatment and discharge would meet the criteria and protect the citizens,and the technical specifications of medical sewage treatment would progress and increase strictly.At present,medical sewage treatment in medical institutions in China was based on mechanical and biological methods,and disinfection was mainly performed using chlorine and its compounds,ozone,and ultraviolet light.Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic requires a higher quality of medical sewage treatment and discharge criteria for medical institutions in China.To meet these criteria,all medical institutions in China should check,replace,and update their old facilities;strengthen personnel training and effectively ensure the quality of medical sewage treatment.

关 键 词：医疗污水 污水处理 污水消毒 工艺流程 

分 类 号：X799.5[环境科学与工程—环境工程]