抑制梨二次开花及秋季补接花芽技术的研究初报  

Preliminary Study on Inhibition of Pear Secondary Flowering and Flower Bud Grafting in Autumn

作　　者：李艳婷 周铮 黄冬华[1] 徐雷[1] 周超华[1] LI Yan-ting;ZHOU Zheng;HUANG Dong-hua;XU Lei;ZHOU Chao-hua(Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang 330200,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省农业科学院,江西南昌330200

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2022年第6期58-62,共5页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：江西省科技合作项目“优质早熟梨品种筛选及轻简化生产技术研究”(20202BDH80006);江西现代农业科研协同创新专项“山地梨园绿色高效生产关键技术研究”(JXXTCX202102);国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-28)。

摘　　要：采用田间试验,研究了二次开花前不同试剂处理对翠冠、新玉、圆黄、秋月、晚秀等梨品种二次开花的抑制作用,以及不同时期补接花芽对翠冠梨翌年的果实品质、产量和经济效益的影响。结果表明:(1)不同试剂处理对翠冠梨二次开花表现出不同程度的抑制或延缓效果,以试剂A5(400 mg/kg萘乙酸)的效果最好;同一试剂对不同梨品种二次开花抑制程度的差异显著,抑制效果的大小依次为圆黄>翠冠>晚秀>新玉>秋月。(2)不同补接时间对花芽的成活率及坐果数的影响显著,与C(11月中旬)相比,C(10月下旬)、C(11月初)时间段补接的花芽成活率较高,分别为86.90%、95.80%,花序坐果率分别为62.50%、65.60%;不同花芽类型嫁接处理对翌年的坐果数影响显著。以顶花芽枝接效果最好,平均坐果数为9.95个。(3)补接花芽处理与对照比较,其果形指数、果实可溶性固形物含量与果实硬度之间无显著差异,但平均单果重增加了76.82 g,梨园单产和经济效益分别提高了1.69、3.50倍。Field experiments were conducted to study the inhibitory effects of different reagent treatments before the second flowering on the second flowering of pear varieties including Cuiguan, Xinyu, Yuanhuang, Qiuyue and Wanxiu, and the effects of flower bud grafting at different times on the fruit quality, yield and economic benefits of Cuiguan in the next year. The results showed that:(1) Different reagents had a varying degrees of inhibition or delay effect on the secondary flowering of Cuiguan, and the regulators A5(400 mg/kg naphthane acetic acid) was proved to be the best. The inhibition degree of the same reagent on the secondary flowering of different pear varieties differed significantly, and the order of rank was Yuanhuang>Cuiguan>Wanxiu>Xinyu>Qiuyue.(2) Different times of grafted processing had significant effects on flowering and fruiting rate. Compared with C(mid-November), the survival rate of C(late October), C(early November) was high, which reached 86.90%, 95.80%, and the rate of seed setting was 62.50%, 65.60%, respectively. The grafting treatments of different flower bud types had significant effects on the number of fruit hanging in the next year. The branch of top flower buds was the best, and the average number of fruit hanging was 9.95.(3) The fruit quality was basically similar between the treatment of flower bud grafting and conventional controls, especially in fruit-shaped index, fruit soluble solids and fruit hardness, but the average weight of single fruit increased by 76.82 g, at the same time, the yield of pear garden and economic benefits increased by 1.69 times and 3.50 times respectively.

关 键 词：梨品种 二次开花 试剂处理 补接花芽 果实品质 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]