BDS/GPS/GLONASS中长基线解算性能对比分析  

Comparative Performance Analysis of BDS/GPS/GLONASS for Medium-baseline Resolution

作　　者：闵阳[1] 冯威 曹成度[1] 滕焕乐[1] 马俊 MIN Yang;FengWei;CAO Chengdu;TENG Huanle;MA Jun(China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430063,China;Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 611756,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司,武汉430063 [2]西南交通大学地球科学与环境工程学院,成都611756

出　　处：《铁道标准设计》2022年第9期45-50,57,共7页Railway Standard Design

基　　金：中国铁建股份有限公司重大科技专项(2019-A02);中国铁建股份有限公司科研课题(17-C42)。

摘　　要：北斗三号全球卫星导航系统的建成,显著改变了多星座GNSS(全球导航卫星系统)的空间结构,为了定量评估融合北斗三号的多星座GNSS中长基线解算的精度和可靠性,采用实测中长基线数据,对不同系统组合、不同定权方法、不同观测时长下的BDS/GPS/GLONASS基线解算性能展开试验研究。在分析多星座GNSS基线解算函数模型和先验观测值定权方法的基础上,通过观测某高速铁路框架网65.9 km基线数据,进行不同策略下基线解算对比试验,结果表明:(1)BDS定位性能整体上优于GPS,0.5 h观测时长高度角定权策略下,融入BDS后三系统基线解精度比GPS/GLONASS双系统提高39.7%;(2)高度角定权法总体稳定性优于信噪比定权与等权方法,融入北斗后三系统0.5 h观测时长的基线解算精度与单GPS 2 h的解算精度相当;(3)融入北斗后,BDS/GPS/GLONASS三系统融合可减弱不同定权方法的中长基线解算精度的差异,水平和垂向差异分别为1 mm和5 mm。北斗三号系统将有利于铁路框架网控制测量的定位精度提升及后续作业流程优化。The completion of BDS-3 has significantly changed the space structure of the multi-constellation GNSS.In order to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the medium-baseline solution for multi-constellation GNSS integrated with BDS-3 quantitatively,the experimental study on the baseline resolution performances of BDS/GPS/GLONASS is carried out based on measured data with different system combinations,different weighting methods and different observation time.On the basis of analyzing the function model and the prior weighting methods of multi-constellation GNSS baseline solution,the comparative tests under different strategies are conducted out based on the data of a high-speed railway frame network baseline of 65.9 km.The results show that:(1) BDS has better positioning performances than GPS overall.The accuracy of baseline solution is improved by 39.7% after integrating BDS with GPS/GLONASS for satellite elevation based weighting method in a 0.5-hour observation.(2) Satellite elevation based weighting method is more stable than SNR(Signal-to-Noise Ratio) based weighting method and the equal weighting method on the whole,and the accuracy of baseline solution for BDS/GPS/GLONASS combination in a 0.5-hour observation is equal to that for GPS-only constellation in a 2-hour observation.(3) Integrating BDS can reduce the differences of the accuracy of medium-baseline solution for different weighting methods.The horizontal and vertical differences are 1 mm and 5 mm respectively.BDS-3 can improve the positioning accuracy in railway frame network control surveys and optimize the subsequent operation process.

关 键 词：北斗卫星导航系统 多星座GNSS 中长基线 观测值定权 融合定位 控制测量 

分 类 号：P228[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]