美国国内政治生态变化如何重塑对华政策  

How the Changing U.S. Domestic Political Ecology Is Reshaping Its China Policy

作　　者：吴心伯[1] Wu Xinbo

机构地区：[1]复旦大学美国研究中心

出　　处：《美国研究》2022年第4期30-46,5,6,共19页The Chinese Journal of American Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大课题“中国崛起背景下的中美战略互动研究”(项目批准号:17JJDGJW002)的研究成果。

摘　　要：在中美战略竞争不断加剧的大背景下,经历重要变化的美国国内政治生态正在全方位塑造其对华政策。在政治理念层面,美国民粹主义扭转对华政策价值取向,改变对中国的身份界定,塑造消极的对华政策政治与社会环境。在政治结构层面,随着共和、民主两党热衷于拥抱本土化势力而排斥全球化势力,倡导并实施越来越强硬的对华政策,美国社会中支持中美关系发展的力量日趋式微和边缘化。在政治过程层面,对华政策成为国内政治的抓手和两党博弈的筹码,对华行为趋向极端化,越来越具有对抗性和冒险性。鉴于美国对华政策愈来愈受其国内政治的驱动,中国要善于利用利益、力量以及国际制度与规范,从外部塑造美国的对华行为。Against the backdrop of intensifying Sino-U.S. strategic competition,the changing U.S. domestic political ecology is reshaping its China policy in a comprehensive way. In the dimension of political ideas, populism has worked to redirect the value orientation of America’s China policy, reconstruct China’s identity and form a negative political and social environment toward China. In the dimension of political structure, both the Republican and Democratic Parties are drawing close to nativist forces while staying away from those favoring globalization. As the two parties advocate for and implement a tougher China policy, the influences standing for the closer development of Sino-U.S. relations are declining and being marginalized. In the dimension of political process, the China policy has become a leverage in domestic politics and a chip in the gaming between Republicans and Democrats. The U.S. behavior toward China is becoming increasingly extreme, confrontational and risky. As America’s China policy is more and more driven by its domestic politics, China should seek to change U.S. behavior by making good use of interests, power and international mechanisms.

关 键 词：美国外交 国内政治 政治理念 政治结构 政治过程 对华政策 重塑 

分 类 号：D822.371.2[政治法律—政治学]